The Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory (MSEEL) field site in Morgantown, WV was established by West Virginia University in order to increase understanding of factors that affect resource recovery and environmental impacts from unconventional oil and gas development. The site, which is located in the Morgantown Industrial Park (MIP) adjacent to the Monongahela River, includes one well pad which hosts four horizontal gas wells that target the Marcellus Shale approximately 7400 ft below ground level. As part of the MSEEL study, the MIP 5H well was drilled in 2015. Water samples were collected from the holding pond used to hydraulically fracture the MIP 5H well (API 47-061-01699), and a time series of produced water samples were collected from the MIP 5H separator tank starting in 2016 when the well was opened for flowback and ending in 2019. This data release includes semi-quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified in these water samples as well as a list of non-target compounds that were identified via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis and subsequent spectral matching against mass spectral libraries.

The Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) is part of the Northeast Natural Energy LLC (NNE) production facility on the Monongahela River in Monongalia County, West Virginia, USA. Natural gas extraction in the area creates large volumes of wastewater that may contain chemical compounds that pose risks to humans, animals, and the environment. The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been studying the organic compounds in water produced from shale gas wells and in 2014, NNE started drilling two production wells in the Marcellus Shale. The well, MIP (Morgantown Industrial Park) -5H, was completed the following year. Samples were collected from this well. Large volumes of wastewater fluids were produced from this well and contain a mixture of chemicals added during hydraulic fracturing of the formation and chemical constituents from the host rocks. The original hydraulic fracturing fluids and the wastewater contain organic materials that could be toxic or pose risks to the environment if leaked, spilled, or improperly disposed of. This project was designed to collect comprehensive data from multiple sample types, including Monongahela River water, wastewater collected at the separator (during the flowback and produced-water phase), storage tank wastewater, and field blanks. Water samples for the analyses contained in this release were collected from July 2015 through December 2018. Samples of Monongahela River water were collected from a lined holding pond adjacent to the MIP well pad on November 5, 2015. Wastewater was intermittently sampled from the MIP-5H separator on the well pad from December 10, 2015, to December 6, 2018. The wastewater produced during the first two weeks of production was labeled as flowback water until December 23, 2015, then the wastewater produced after this date was defined as produced water. A storage tank at the well pad site was sampled on December 6, 2018. This data release contains non-target liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry data.

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in from various water sources, as well as ancillary raw calibration data showing the stability of the gas chromatograph with an atomic emission detector and flame ionization detector (GC-AED-FID) analytical system over time. Across multiple studies, samples from tap water, groundwater, surface water, springs, mine outflows, and blank materials were analyzed using this system over a period from 2014 to 2017, comprising 172 samples analyzed. In addition to water samples, 183 calibrations conducted over the same period of time are included to document the stability of the GC-AED-FID system over time. The target analytes in this study were: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2), propane (C3H8), propene (C3H6), i-butane (C4H10), n-butane (C4H10), 1-butene (C4H8), propyne (C3H4), i-pentane (C5H12), n-pentane (C5H12), 2-methyl-pentane (C6H14), 3-methyl-pentane (C6H14), hexane (C6H14), and benzene (C6H6).

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release is focused on the geochemistry of wastewater (including flowback and produced water) samples, co-produced with natural gas, collected from the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) site. MSEEL is a long-term field site and laboratory at the Northeast Natural Energy LLC (NNE) production facility, adjacent to the Monongahela River, located in western Monongalia County, West Virginia, USA. NNE began drilling two horizontal production wells, MIP (Morgantown Industrial Park) -5H and MIP-3H, in the Marcellus Shale in 2014. The wells were completed in December 2015. Large volumes of wastewater are generated with natural gas production. These wastewaters contain organic and inorganic chemical constituents from fracturing fluids used during drilling and stimulation of gas in host rocks/shale, as well as chemical compounds that are derived from formation water and the solid shale. Many of the organic and inorganic substances in the wastewater are potentially toxic and could pose an environmental risk if released due to spills, leaks, or unsafe disposal practices. Hydraulic fracturing fluid, field blanks, wastewater, and water from the Monongahela River stored in a lined holding pond adjacent to the MIP well pad, were collected from November 2015 through April 2019. The on-site storage tank was sampled from April 2017 through April 2019. Wastewater from the MIP-5H Separator Tank was collected daily at the beginning of the study to annually by the end of the study. One sample was collected from the MIP-3H Separator Tank in May 2018. This data release includes field measurements of temperature, specific conductance, total dissolved solids (TDS), and density; laboratory measurements of pH, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC), alkalinity, major ions, ammonia nitrogen, trace elements, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA), semi-volatile hydrocarbons, radium isotopes, and stable isotopes. There are seven files (*.xlsx and .csv) in this dataset: T1_DataDictionary, T2_RestonGeochemistry, T3_Mercury, T4_MenloGeochemistry, T5_pH_Buffers, T6_QAQC, and T7_Stable_Isotopes.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected porewater samples from nine suction lysimeters in 2018, 2019, and 2021 for analysis of organic and inorganic constituents from the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, MN. In August of 1979, approximately 1,700,000 L (liters), or 10,700 barrels, of crude oil spilled onto a glacial outwash aquifer. Sampled lysimeters included L310-1.5, L310-4.5, L1802-1.8, L9014-1.5, L9014-3.0, L9014-4.5, L9017-1.3, L9017-2.5, and L9017-3.7. This data release presents data on analytes that are important indicators of biodegradation processes. Some of these analytes, if present in elevated concentrations, can be a concern regarding potential effects on human health and the environment. There is one tabulated data set containing concentrations of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC), ammonium (NH3-N), orthophosphate, alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3-), major inorganic anions, cations, and trace elements. The supporting metadata file contains site information, field and laboratory methods, water chemistry, and quality-control results. Samples were analyzed in the Reston Biogeochemical Processes in Groundwater Laboratory (RBPGL) in Reston, VA, and by a contract lab, Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute (MERI) in Lyndhurst, NJ.

The sampling of 41 hydrologically diverse rivers that are monitored through the National Water Quality Network (NWQN) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) took place during the water years of 2008 through 2018. Water samples were collected and filtered in the field (unless otherwise noted) using 0.45 micrometer pre-rinsed capsule filters (Versapor membrane), silicon tubing, and a peristaltic pump. Water samples were then shipped on ice to the USGS in Boulder, Colorado and chilled to approximately 4 to 6 degrees Celsius until analysis. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured on an OI700 Analytical total organic carbon analyzer by wet-oxidation; each sample was measured in replicate and the average was reported. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at the wavelength of 254 nanometers was measured with an Agilent HP8453 UV-visible spectrophotometer. Specific UV Absorbance (SUVA) at 254 nanometers is a calculated parameter defined as the UV absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nanometers in absorbance units per centimeter divided by the DOC concentration in milligram per liter and then multiplied by 100. SUVA at 254 nanometers is reported in units of liter per milligram carbon per meter and correlates with the percent aromatic carbon of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). Iron(III) absorbs light in the UV spectrum and, if present at appreciable concentration, can influence UV absorbance values at 254 nanometers and calculated SUVA values. For sites believed to exhibit iron(III) concentrations sufficient for the UV absorbance at 254 nanometers of the DOM to be influenced, the filter-passing total iron concentrations of whole water samples were determined using a Hach spectrophotometer and FerroVer method. SUVA values were calculated using iron(III)-corrected UV absorbance at 254 nanometers for samples that were determined to have filter-passing total iron concentrations greater than 0.02 milligram per liter. Utilizing the UV-visible absorbance spectral scans, spectral slopes at wavelengths 275 to 295 nanometers and at wavelengths 350 to 400 nanometers were determined. The spectral slope ratio is a calculated parameter defined as the spectral slope at wavelengths 275 to 295 nanometers divided by the spectral slope at wavelengths 350 to 400 nanometers. Fluorescence measurements were made on a Jobin-Yvon Horiba Fluoromax-3 fluorometer. Fluorescence measurements included the wavelength of peak emission intensity at 370 nanometers excitation and the fluorescence index (FI). FI is defined as the ratio of fluorescence emission at 470 nanometers divided by 520 nanometers at excitation 370 nanometers. Additional fluorescence indices determined included the humification index (HIX) and the freshness index (β:α). Humification index values increase with the proportion of humic substances. The humification index is defined as the area under the emission spectrum from 435 to 480 nanometers divided by the summation of areas under the emission spectrum at 300 to 345 nanometers and 435 to 480 nanometers, at an excitation of 254 nanometers. The freshness index increases with the proportion of recently produced DOM and is defined as the intensity of fluorescence emission at 380 nanometers divided by the maximum fluorescence emission intensity between 420 and 435 nanometers at excitation 310 nanometers. DOM was separated into fractions by an isolation method that passes aqueous sample at pH < 2 sequentially through Amberlite XAD8 and XAD4 resins using low pressure liquid chromatography. The hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction is the eluate from the XAD8 fractionation column, and the transphilic organic acid (TPIA) fraction is the eluate from the XAD4 fractionation column. The hydrophilic organic (HPI) fraction is the effluent of the sample passed sequentially through the XAD8 and XAD4 fractionation columns. The hydrophobic organic neutral (HPON) fraction is that retained on the XAD8 column after passing the sample through at pH < 2 and back eluting with

In 2023, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Riverside Energy Michigan, LLC, conducted an injection experiment to monitor the natural rate of biogenic methane generation in the Mortensen A4-24 well which was completed in the Antrim Shale and located in Antrim County, Michigan, United States of America. Approximately 20 barrels (bbl) of produced water was pumped from the well and stored in a tank in the weeks prior to the injection. On June 6, 2023, ~15 bbl of produced water from the tank was mixed with 2 L of deuterated water (D2O) in a pump truck and injected into the Mortensen A4-24 well. An additional ~5 bbl of produced water from the tank was injected to push the D2O labeled slug into the formation. The well was shut in (both gas and produced water) until August 29, 2023. Produced water and gas samples were collected prior to the injection to assess background conditions and after the shut-in period to assess changes to the system due to the injection. Gas samples were also collected during the shut-in period. This data set includes the geochemical analyses of the produced water samples collected, the compositional and isotopic data of the gas sampled, and metaproteomic data synthesized from extraction of filtered particulates.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, conducted a study to determine the occurrence of micropollutants in: (1) shallow groundwater near large subsurface treatment systems and rapid infiltration basins and (2) shallow groundwater and soil from an agricultural field that land applies domestic wastewater. Water samples were analyzed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods at the U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Water Science Center for carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole. These data support the following publication: Krall, A.L., Elliott, S.M., Erickson, M.L., and Adams, B.A., 2018, Detecting sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine in groundwater: Is ELISA a reliable screening tool?, Environmental Pollution, 234, p. 420-428. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.065.

This dataset includes dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), methane (CH4), nutrients, oxygen, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen (POC and PON) and pigment concentrations from discrete water samples, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Data were collected weekly at the fixed station (4 depths) from 2016 to 2020 during the Bedford Basin Monitoring Program (BBMP) by Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO). Bedford Basin is 2.7 km wide and 4.3km long, with a maximum depth of 75m and a 20m sill at the mouth, where the Basin is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through Halifax Harbour. The BBMP started in 1992 to study the state of the plankton ecosystem. Monitoring of carbonate chemistry was added to the program funded by the Aquatic Climate Change Adaption Services Program (ACCASP) in 2016.

In cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board’s oil and gas Regional Monitoring Program, the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed groundwater and associated quality control (QC) samples during June 2017 – August 2017. Groundwater samples were collected from one public supply well, four monitoring wells, and nine irrigation wells located within a three- mile buffer zone overlying and surrounding the Oxnard oil field administrative boundary in Ventura County, California. Samples were collected using established groundwater data-collection protocols and procedures. Samples were analyzed for water-quality indicators, major and minor ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naturally occurring radioactive material, geochemical and age-dating tracers, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), low molecular weight organic acids, dissolved standard and hydrocarbon gases, and dissolved noble and atmospheric gases. Approximately 280 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured. Quality-control samples including replicates; source-solution, equipment, and field blanks; laboratory spikes; and split samples for inter-laboratory comparisons were collected and summarized in this data release. A data dictionary was created to describe the data tables and is provided with this data release. Please refer to this data dictionary file called COGG_Data_Dictionary_OxnardGW for definitions of fields within these data files.