,Interspecies human-to-swine IAV transmission occurs globally and contributes to increased IAV diversity in pig populations. We present data that a swine isolate from a 2018-2019 human-to-swine transmission event was shed for multiple days in challenged and contact pigs. By characterizing this introduction through bioinformatic, molecular, and animal experimental approaches, these findings better inform animal health practices and in vaccine decision-making. Since wholly human seasonal H3N2 viruses in the U.S. were not previously identified as being transmissible in pigs (i.e. reverse zoonosis), these findings reveal the interspecies barriers for transmission to pigs may not require significant changes to all human seasonal H3N2.,

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

This data set describes serological data collected from mammals in Alaska and seropositivity to influenza A, clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), North American lineage H5 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), and N1 antigens.

,The dataset contains measurements from a swine research study evaluating influenza A immune responses and protection for replicon particle and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. The research study was conducted by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) scientists and postdoctoral scientists at the National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS to characterize heterologous virus immunity from live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines and IAV replicon particle vaccines. A better understanding of vaccine immune responses to heterologous viruses will aid in development of improved swine IAV vaccination strategies. The dataset contains lesion scores, virus shedding in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid antibody responses, and isolated blood and lung T cell responses.,

Data set containing avian influenza A virus (IAV) sampling information for Emperor Geese in Alaska, 2015-2017. The data are in three tables: 1) collection data and IAV screening results from fecal samples at several sites in southwestern Alaska, 2) results of blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) tests for IAV antibodies in blood serum collected from nesting female Emperor geese near the Manokinak River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, and 3) results of influenza virus microneutralization assays to test for the specific IAV subtypes in the Manokinak samples.

,Modern swine production facilitates indoor respiratory contact between human employees and pigs in their care, creating conditions for interspecies transmission of influenza A virus (IAV). Sow vaccination is routinely practiced in the U.S.A. to transfer maternal derived antibodies (MDA) to piglets. Weaning is a highly stressful period for piglets that requires increased human interaction. Weaned piglets potentially have mixed immunity from MDA: matched, mismatched, and naïve. Since there have been multiple introductions of human seasonal H3N2 to swine, we assessed the effect of matched and mismatched MDA acquired from vaccinated sows and the stress of weaning on the susceptibility of piglets to a human-origin H3N2 IAV. The H3N2 virus was generated by reverse genetics to mimic the 2010.1 H3N2 introduction from humans to swine. Challenged seeder piglets were divided by immune and weaning status. Two days post inoculation, naïve direct contact pigs were placed with seeders. IAV quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and virus titration were performed on nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to evaluate shedding and transmission kinetics. Matched MDA were effective in reducing shedding in challenged pigs and minimizing transmission of the human-like H3N2 to contacts. There was an increase in shedding and transmission in weaned pigs compared to littermates that remained on the sow. These results identify critical control points in production where changing practices could mitigate human-to-swine and swine-to-swine transmission to prevent establishment of novel lineages in pig populations.,

This data set describes three independent viral introductions of Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska.

These data describe the results of virus isolation from oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs and testing of sera by a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and hemagglutinin (HA) specific testing by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for Lesser Scaup in both the Atlantic and Pacific Flyways and Greater Scaup in the Pacific Flyway. These data support a USGS published manuscript.

These data describe the results of virus isolation from oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs and testing of sera by a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and hemagglutinin (HA) specific testing by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for Lesser Scaup in both the Atlantic and Pacific Flyways and Greater Scaup in the Pacific Flyway. These data support a USGS published manuscript.