Introduced (non-native) species that become established may eventually become invasive, so tracking introduced species provides a baseline for effective modeling of species trends and interactions, geospatially and temporally. The United States Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (US-RIIS, https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XL09Q), as of 2021-11-08, is comprised of three lists, for the localities of Alaska (AK, with 532 records), Hawaii (HI, with 6,075 records), and the conterminous United States (L48, with 8,657 records). Each includes introduced (non-native), established (reproducing) taxa that: are, or may become, invasive (harmful) in the locality; are not known to be harmful there; and/or have been used for biological control in the locality. To be included in the US-RIIS, a taxon must be non-native everywhere in the locality and established (reproducing) anywhere in the locality. Native pest species are not included. Each record has information on taxonomy, dates of introduction (where available; currently for 38% of the records), invasion status (invasive or introduced), and citations for the authoritative sources from which this information is drawn. The US-RIIS builds on a previous dataset, A Comprehensive List of Non-Native Species Established in Three Major Regions of the U.S.: Version 3.0 (Simpson et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.5066/p9e5k160). There are 15,264 records in the master list and 12,981 unique names. The list is derived from 5,951 authoritative sources, was reviewed by or based on input from 30 invasive species scientists, and continues to be updated. Publication of version 2.0 of the US-RIIS is anticipated (but not guaranteed) in approximately 12 months.

Introduced (non-native) species that become established may eventually become invasive, so tracking all introduced species provides a baseline for effective modeling of species trends and interactions, geospatially and temporally. The United States Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (US-RIIS) (ver. 2.0, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFFTOD), as of 2022-10-23, is comprised of three lists, for the localities of Alaska (AK, with 545 records), Hawaii (HI, with 5,628 records), and the conterminous (or lower 48) United States (L48, with 8,527 records). Each includes introduced (non-native), established (reproducing) taxa that: are, or may become, invasive (harmful) in the locality; are not known to be harmful there; and/or have been used for biological control in the locality. To be included in the US-RIIS, a taxon must be non-native everywhere in the locality and established (reproducing) anywhere in the locality. Native pest species are not included. Each record has information on taxonomy, a vernacular name, establishment means (introduced unintentionally, or assisted colonization), degree of establishment (established, invasive, or widespread invasive), hybrid status, pathway of introduction (where available), habitat (where available), dates of introduction (where available), associated taxa (where applicable), native and introduced distributions (where available), and citations for the authoritative source(s) from which this information is drawn.

Risk assessments describe the risk of a species’ invasion in a location, and many risk assessments have been produced by different institutions for various reasons. However, information is sporadically located online, increasing the difficulty of developing comprehensive lists of species with risk assessments or comparing assessment results across species in locations of interest. Therefore, we aggregated species risk assessments by searching information systems and conducting a literature review. The methods for data aggregation are explained in the larger work citation (Dean et al. 2024). The present dataset documents risk assessments available at different spatial scales (e.g., territory, state, region, nation) for over 7,000 species including (but not limited to) fishes, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mollusks, crustaceans, insects, plants, algae, and fungi. The dataset was used to help develop SIREN, a national Early Detection and Rapid Response Information System (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort-collins-science-center/science/siren-national-early-detection-and-rapid-response). It is important to note that most sources of risk assessments were available when collected in 2023; therefore, it is possible that the risk assessments detailed in the dataset may be removed online for one reason or another since 2023 (e.g., Grisé 2011). Additionally, some sources of risk assessments no longer exist but were described in a summary report or in an information system (e.g., Invasive Species Centre; https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/what-is-at-risk/invasive-species-risk-assessment/) in 2023; consequently, a user of the data may need to contact the original source of risk assessments to receive additional information (e.g., NatureServe). Summary reference citations: Dean, E.M., Jordon, A., Agnew, A.C., Hernandez, N.D., Morningstar, C.R., Neilson, M., Piccolomini, S.E., Reichert, B., Wray, A.K., and Daniel, W.M., 2024, America’s Most Wanted Fishes—Cataloging risk assessments to prioritize invasive species for management action: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1–20, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2024.15.1.01. Grisé, S., 2011, Evaluating the risk of non-native aquatic species range expansions in a changing climate in Pennsylvania: Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, Shippensburg University, Ph.D. dissertation.

In 2020, a workshop was held for San Luis, Merced and San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuges to 1) review the refuges conservation situation (goals, objectives, conservation priorities), 2) review invasive plant management history (target species and areas, management approaches and techniques), 3) evaluate invasive plant inventory and early detection priorities (species and areas), and 4) identify next steps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of invasive plant management. This record holds the data documenting this effort.

The goal of the PACN early detection monitoring plan is to locate potentially invasive populations at early stages of invasion to inform park resource managers so that appropriate action (i.e., eradication, containment, additional monitoring) may be implemented. The primary objective: Identify and find non-native species that should be rapidly responded to and eradicated if possible. Steps towards meeting primary objective: 1) Survey dispersal corridors and other high-risk sites for incipient populations of potentially invasive plants. 2) Provide timely information to park managers regarding the presence of new and potentially invasive plant species in order to facilitate a rapid management response. 3) Update and maintain NPSpecies (https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/), the plant species database for each park, including new species detected during field surveys. 4) Develop and distribute invasive plant outreach materials to park staff to increase awareness and reporting capability.

The goal of the PACN early detection monitoring plan is to locate potentially invasive populations at early stages of invasion to inform park resource managers so that appropriate action (i.e., eradication, containment, additional monitoring) may be implemented. The primary objective: Identify and find non-native species that should be rapidly responded to and eradicated if possible. Steps towards meeting primary objective: 1) Survey dispersal corridors and other high-risk sites for incipient populations of potentially invasive plants. 2) Provide timely information to park managers regarding the presence of new and potentially invasive plant species in order to facilitate a rapid management response. 3) Update and maintain NPSpecies (https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/), the plant species database for each park, including new species detected during field surveys. 4) Develop and distribute invasive plant outreach materials to park staff to increase awareness and reporting capability.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Great Lakes Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Early Detection and Monitoring (EDM) program began incorporating environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding as a molecular AIS detection tool. From 2021-2023, the EDM metabarcoding program conducted pilot studies to determine the best approach for implementing a long-term multi-taxa geneomic monitoring program. Research objectives included the utility of using ethanol decant from ichthyoplankton (larval fish) samples for eDNA metabarcoding analysis along with a comparison against eDNA analysis from water filtration samples. The results from these years of experimental research has guided the EDM program to build a protocol around point water filtration eDNA samples. This multi-year eDNA project is the groundwork for what will become the EDM metabarcoding monitoring program at high priority AIS locations across the Great Lakes basin. The protocol and database for these slight variations of eDNA metabarcoding data collection are made available in this reference record. Data collected in 2021 and 2022 are in the same general format and within a single database. Data from 2023, because of the variation from 2021/2022, is in a separate database. Again, each year of these databases represents slightly different protocols or objectives that were determined prior to sample collection. However, the taxonomic assignment results underwent a similar pipeline each year. A metabarcoding eDNA detection means that a DNA sequence matching that species was assigned in the sample and does not necessarily mean that the fish was present at the time of sampling. Environmental DNA can enter the waterbody many ways including originating from live or dead fish, transported via boat, bird, or water current. For more information or questions, please contact the eDNA Program Coordinator, Nick Frohnauer at (nicholas_frohnauer@fws.gov).

Results of a literature search performed December 1, 2020. The tables in this document summarize the publications fitting in this search criteria and are split into the publications that update the list of international species that could carry Bsal (Appendix 1 Table S1). Number of individual live amphibians imported in categories of urodelan (salamander, newt, and related taxa) species restricted under the interim regulations and not listed, species not listed on the regulations that have had Bsal detected, notably Bombina spp., anuran species in the genus Rana, and Xenopus (including African clawed frogs) as a comparison of species not thought to be susceptible to Bsal, but commonly imported (Appendix 3 Table S1). Data and relative risk scores per county used for the risk analysis of B. salamandrivorans invasion, consequences, and surveillance for U.S. salamanders. All variables were scaled from 1, lowest relative risk, to 4, highest relative risk. Import and introduction risk scores were calculated from the average live imports per year for the pre-action risk period (2010-2015) and post-action risk period (2016-2019) (Appendix S3 Table S2).

The IPIEDT is an Access Database file. The user responds to questions in a “yes/no/unknown” format or chooses from a list of states or conditions that best describe the situation. Each descriptive response corresponds to a numerical value which is then used to calculate species and area scores and generate ranked lists. A higher species or area score correlates to a higher priority for inventory. A project team built from Refuge and Branch staff, as well as local weed experts met in October 2019 to define and prioritize refuge species and areas for future invasive plant inventory. The workshop's resulting data tables are archived so that the results of the workshop are preserved if the master database receives changes based on new threats or areas. Each Invasive Plant Species and Area Prioritization Workshop will have an IPIEDT Access database and 2-3 stand-alone CSV outputs. Each table is offered as an open source CSV and the Access Database tool zipped and is also available for download. An update of the Species Prioritization was completed in 2022, incorporating data from inventory and monitoring activities and associated management that occurred from 2020 to 2022. An updated database and flat file are included in this reference.

The IPIEDT is an Access Database file. The user responds to questions in a “yes/no/unknown” format or chooses from a list of states or conditions that best describe the situation. Each descriptive response corresponds to a numerical value which is then used to calculate species and area scores and generate ranked lists. A higher species or area score correlates to a higher priority for inventory. A project team built from Refuge and Branch staff, as well as local weed experts met in October 2019 to define and prioritize refuge species and areas for future invasive plant inventory. The workshop's resulting data tables are archived so that the results of the workshop are preserved if the master database receives changes based on new threats or areas. Each Invasive Plant Species and Area Prioritization Workshop will have an IPIEDT Access database and 2-3 stand-alone CSV outputs. Each table is offered as an open source CSV and the Access Database tool zipped and is also available for download. An update of the Species Prioritization was completed in 2022, incorporating data from inventory and monitoring activities and associated management that occurred from 2020 to 2022. An updated database and flat file are included in this reference.