PTO (Power Take-Off) belt test and analysis report conducted under CalWave's Open Water Demonstration Award - EE0008097 - Belt Tradeoffs for Winch PTO. The report tests two types of belts: a high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) woven fiber belt and a steel cable polyurethane belt. The goal of the tests was to determine if belts could be used as an alternative to synthetic rope due to synthetic rope having poor cyclic bend over sheave (CBOS) performance. Both types of belts were mechanically tested to simulate the cycles PTO would undergo due to wave motion. The report includes the results of both tests as well as analysis of the two tests.

The objective of this project is to advance the Technology Readiness Level of the x1 Wave Energy Converter (WEC) developed by CalWave Power Technologies Inc. through advanced numerical simulations, dynamic hardware tests, and ultimately a scaled open water demonstration deployment. Key outcomes include deployment and operation of the demonstration unit at an open water site which replicates full scale ocean conditions, and performance and load measurements which are used to validate the high techno-economic performance of the full-scale device. This report briefly describes the x1's final system design but, as a final test report, mainly focuses on the open water testing. For further description of the WEC system the reader is referred to CalWave's system content models, which will become publicly available at the end of 2027. The full version of this Final Test Report will become available on 8/10/2028. This WEC pilot project was done at Scripps in San Diego, California, USA.

The objective of the project is to advance the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) developed by CalWave Wave Power Technologies Inc (CalWave) through advanced numerical simulations, dynamic hardware tests, and ultimately a scaled open water demonstration deployment while continuing to exceed DOE's target ACE threshold of 3m/M$. The outcomes of Budget Period 1 will be a detailed design of the scaled demonstration unit and bench testing of the critical hardware components.

The objective of the project is to advance the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) developed by CalWave Wave Power Technologies Inc (CalWave) through advanced numerical simulations, dynamic hardware tests, and ultimately a scaled open water demonstration deployment while continuing to exceed DOE's target ACE threshold of 3m/M$. The outcomes of Budget Period 1 will be a detailed design of the scaled demonstration unit and bench testing of the critical hardware components.

This submission contains a summary of tank test derived WEC device behavior in different irregular sea states. CalWave sought to conduct experimental tank testing of scaled prototype units early on in the design process to obtain a first estimation of device performance for sea states of importance and to perform system identification/PTO tests. These experimental tests primarily aim to assess the wave to structure conversion efficiency and device behavior. Moreover, distinct model parameters of high interest were experimentally tested to validate numerical device modeling and optimization. These tests focused on system identification rather than performance maximization.

This submission contains a summary of tank test derived WEC device behavior in different irregular sea states. CalWave sought to conduct experimental tank testing of scaled prototype units early on in the design process to obtain a first estimation of device performance for sea states of importance and to perform system identification/PTO tests. These experimental tests primarily aim to assess the wave to structure conversion efficiency and device behavior. Moreover, distinct model parameters of high interest were experimentally tested to validate numerical device modeling and optimization. These tests focused on system identification rather than performance maximization.

Experimental tank testing report for CalWave's 1:20 & 1:30 scale prototype testing at the Lir National Ocean Test Facility in Ireland. Testing was completed in January 2018. Test report includes description of the scaled prototype, primary testing objectives, instrumentation and basin calibration.

Pterofin's Skimmer concept relies on a flapping and pitching hydrofoil to extract hydrokinetic energy from water flows. The concept aims to utilize unsteady fluid dynamics phenomena (added mass, shed vorticity, and unsteady boundary layer development) to achieve higher lift coefficients, enabling increased power density of the hydrokinetic device and a fundamental shift in the rpm/torque scaling of the power take off compared with turbines. The Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State, in collaboration with Pterofin, designed and built a proof-of-concept flapping/pitching mechanism which was subsequently tested in ARL's 12-inch water tunnel facility. The mechanical power supplied to or extracted from the mechanism was measured for a range of hydrofoils provided by Pterofin over operating conditions including reduced frequency, Reynolds number, and the ratio between pitching and flapping amplitudes. The power lost to friction in the mechanism was removed from the net power measurement by means of a bare hub tare, with the resultant hydrodynamic power being used to calculate a mechanism-independent and non-dimensional power coefficient. The product of this effort is a dataset describing the power coefficient of a hydrofoil having simultaneous pitching and flapping motions, both of which are approximately sinusoidal. Power coefficients were collected for a range of primary design variables including: - Reduced frequency: 0.01 to 0.95 - Pitching/flapping peak angle ratio: 1.5 to 3.0 - Chord-based Reynolds number: 60,000 to 560,000 Secondary design variables relating to the hydrofoil geometry were explored including: - Aspect ratio - Planform shape - Section thickness distribution - Hydrofoil position relative to the pitching axis - Hydrofoil sweep angle relative to the pitching axis Measured data are provided in mean and time series formats. MATLAB scripts are provided which can be used to generate figures of time-averaged and phase-averaged hydrodynamic power coefficients calculated from the measured data. A complete description of the experiment and data reduction can be found in the Post Access Report for the Pterofin Skimmer test effort which will be available on the TEAMER website. This work was supported by the Pacific Energy Ocean Trust via a TEAMER award.

Pterofin's Skimmer concept relies on a flapping and pitching hydrofoil to extract hydrokinetic energy from water flows. The concept aims to utilize unsteady fluid dynamics phenomena (added mass, shed vorticity, and unsteady boundary layer development) to achieve higher lift coefficients, enabling increased power density of the hydrokinetic device and a fundamental shift in the rpm/torque scaling of the power take off compared with turbines. The Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State, in collaboration with Pterofin, designed and built a proof-of-concept flapping/pitching mechanism which was subsequently tested in ARL's 12-inch water tunnel facility. The mechanical power supplied to or extracted from the mechanism was measured for a range of hydrofoils provided by Pterofin over operating conditions including reduced frequency, Reynolds number, and the ratio between pitching and flapping amplitudes. The power lost to friction in the mechanism was removed from the net power measurement by means of a bare hub tare, with the resultant hydrodynamic power being used to calculate a mechanism-independent and non-dimensional power coefficient. The product of this effort is a dataset describing the power coefficient of a hydrofoil having simultaneous pitching and flapping motions, both of which are approximately sinusoidal. Power coefficients were collected for a range of primary design variables including: - Reduced frequency: 0.01 to 0.95 - Pitching/flapping peak angle ratio: 1.5 to 3.0 - Chord-based Reynolds number: 60,000 to 560,000 Secondary design variables relating to the hydrofoil geometry were explored including: - Aspect ratio - Planform shape - Section thickness distribution - Hydrofoil position relative to the pitching axis - Hydrofoil sweep angle relative to the pitching axis Measured data are provided in mean and time series formats. MATLAB scripts are provided which can be used to generate figures of time-averaged and phase-averaged hydrodynamic power coefficients calculated from the measured data. A complete description of the experiment and data reduction can be found in the Post Access Report for the Pterofin Skimmer test effort which will be available on the TEAMER website. This work was supported by the Pacific Energy Ocean Trust via a TEAMER award.

The core objectives of this project is to improve the power capture of three different wave energy conversion (WEC) devices by more than 50% using an advanced control system and validate the attained improvements using wave tank and full scale testing. In parallel, we will bring along the development of a wave prediction system that is required to enable effective control and test it at full scale. The purposes of this report are to: 1. Plan and document the 1/25th scale device testing at the wave-tank facility; 2. Document the test article, setup and methodology, sensor and instrumentation, mooring, electronics, wiring, and data flow and quality assurance; 3. Communicate the testing results between the associated members; 4. Facilitate reviews that will help to ensure all aspects (risk, safety, testing procedures, etc.); 5. Provide a systematic guide to setting up, executing and decommissioning the experiment.