The Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) of the Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) is an active surveillance system that maintains information on infants with structural and chromosomal birth defects born to mothers residing in Texas at the time of birth (Texas Department of State Health Services, 2019). TBDR staff review medical records to identify and abstract relevant case information, which then undergoes extensive quality checks (Texas Department of State Health Services, 2019). All diagnoses are made prenatally or within one year after delivery (Texas Department of State Health Services, 2019). Data on cases was obtained from the TBDR. Information on live births for the denominators and on covariates for cases and denominators was obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services Center for Health Statistics. This research was approved by the Texas Department of State Health Services Institutional Review Board and US EPA Human Subjects Review. The Environmental Quality Index (EQI) estimates overall county-level environmental quality for the entire US for 2006-2010. The construction of the EQI is described elsewhere (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2020). Briefly, the national data was compiled to represent simultaneous, cumulative environmental quality across each of the five domains: air (43 variables) representing criteria and hazardous air pollutants; water (51 variables), representing overall water quality, general water contamination, recreational water quality, drinking water quality, atmospheric deposition, drought, and chemical contamination; land (18 variables), representing agriculture, pesticides, contaminants, facilities, and radon; built (15 variables), representing roads, highway/road safety, public transit behavior, business environment, and subsidized housing environment; and sociodemographic (12 variables), representing socioeconomics and crime. The variables in each domain specific index were reduced using principal component analysis (PCA), with the first component retained as that domain’s index value. The domain specific indices were valence corrected to ensure that the directionality of the variables was consistent with higher values suggesting poorer environmental quality. The domain specific indices were then processed through a second PCA and the first index retained as the overall EQI. The overall and domain specific EQI indices are publicly available through the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NHEERL/EQI). This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Human health data are not available publicly. EQI data are available at: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NHEERL/EQI. Format: Data are stored as csv files. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Krajewski, A., K. Rappazzo, P. Langlois, L. Messer, and D. Lobdell. Associations between cumulative environmental quality and ten selected birth defects in Texas. Birth Defects Research. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 113(2): 161-172, (2020).

We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to identify infants born in North Carolina with available new born blood spots. We processed dried blood spots to characterize DNA methylation patterns and evaluated differences in DNA methylation patterns by birth defect status (no birth defect, diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot) and by exposure to air pollution. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Access to the data can be requested from CDC. Format: The data set is from CDC's National Birth Defect Prevention Study (NBDPS). The data include date of birth and residential address history, as well as other individual-level variables.

We used data from CDC's National Birth Defect Prevention Study, the largest case-control study of birth defects ever conducted. Data were collected for cases and controls via a computer-assisted telephone information, and included information related to demographics, pre-existing health conditions, medication use, employment/occupation, personal hobbies, diet, and water use. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Data that CDC collects or holds must be available for data sharing within a year after the data are evaluated for quality and shared with any partners in data collection activity. Because NBDPS data contain PII, NBDPS data are not released publicly. Instead, they are available via a special use agreement. Qualified researchers can be granted access to NBDPS data for analysis through collaboration with one of the Centers for Birth Defects Research and Prevention. The procedure for applying for access to NBDPS data can be found on the NBDPS Public Access Procedures web site: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/nbdps-public-access-procedures.html. Format: This research was conducted with data collected by the CDC-sponsored National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). These data include birth data and geocoded residential addresses before and during pregnancy. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Zaganjor, I., A. Keil, T. Luben, T. Desrosiers, L. Engel, J. Reefhuis, A. Michalski, P. Langlois, A. Olshan, and N.B.D.P.S. [Corporate Author]. Is maternal employment site a source of exposure misclassification in studies of environmental exposures and birth outcomes? A simulation-based bias analysis of haloacetic acids in tap water and hypospadias.. Environmental Epidemiology. Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, NETHERLANDS, 6(2): e207, (2022).

This dataset contains three tables of aggregated (2009-2019) data on newborn screening disorders: 1) counts statewide , 2) counts by race/ethnicity, 3) counts by California region. The tables present counts of disorders that have been diagnosed by the California Newborn Screening Program. Counts were suppressed for disorders with fewer than 6 cases, as described in the individual table descriptions. The disorders are included on the core Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) put forth by the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children (SACHDNC) established under Section 1111 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act, 42 U.S.C. 300b-10, as amended in the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2008. The SACHDNC recommends that every state newborn screening program include a uniform screening panel that currently includes 33 core disorders. The Newborn Screening Program screens for all of the core conditions except Spinal Muscular Atrophy, which began in June 2020. Newborn hearing loss screening and critical congenital heart disease screening are programs administered by the California Department of Health Care Services. Details of the disorders included on the RUSP can be found in the attachment: Recommended Uniform Screening Panel.pdf. Caution must be taken in interpreting these data because there is not a one-to-one relationship between a screen-positive test result and a disorder. A newborn can be screen-positive for more than one disorder. Conversely, a positive screen for one disorder can be associated with the diagnosis of a different disorder. Four types of sickle cell-related hemoglobinopathies (Sickle Beta0 Thalassemia, Sickle Beta+ Thalassemia, Sickle S/S Disease, and Sickle S/C Disease) were combined into one group called "Sickle Cell Disease." SCID cases are reported beginning March 2013. ALD cases are reported beginning February 2016. Pompe and MPS I cases are reported beginning August 2018.

The study population included live births from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the entire United States for the years 2000–2005 for all 3141 counties. Domain-specific EQIs were used to represent environmental exposure at the county-level for the entire U.S. over the 2000–2005 time period. The EQI includes variables representing five environmental domains: air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic (2). The domain-specific indices include both beneficial and detrimental environmental factors. The air domain includes 87 variables representing criteria and hazardous air pollutants. The water domain includes 80 variables representing overall water quality, general water contamination, recreational water quality, drinking water quality, atmospheric deposition, drought, and chemical contamination. The land domain includes 26 variables representing agriculture, pesticides, contaminants, facilities, and radon. The built domain includes 14 variables representing roads, highway/road safety, public transit behavior, business environment, and subsidized housing environment. The sociodemographic environment includes 12 variables representing socioeconomics and crime. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Human health data are not available publicly. EQI data are available at: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NHEERL/EQI. Format: Data are stored as csv files. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Grabich, S., K. Rappazzo, C. Gray, J. Jagai, Y. Jian, L. Messer, and D. Lobdell. Additive interaction between heterogeneous environmental quality domains (air, water, land, sociodemographic and built environment) on preterm birth. Frontiers in Public Health. Frontiers, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND, 4: 232, (2016).

Infant mortality was defined as death before completion of first year of life [1]. We obtained linked birth and infant death data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the years 2000–2005, corresponding to the time frame covered by the EQI. The EQI was constructed for 2000-2005 for all US counties and is composed of five domains (air, water, built, land, and sociodemographic), each composed of variables to represent the environmental quality of that domain. Domain-specific EQIs were developed using principal components analysis (PCA) to reduce these variables within each domain while the overall EQI was constructed from a second PCA from these individual domains (L. C. Messer et al., 2014). To account for differences in environment across rural and urban counties, the overall and domain-specific EQIs were stratified by rural urban continuum codes (RUCCs) (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015). This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Human health data are not available publicly. EQI data are available at: https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/NHEERL/EQI. Format: Data are stored as csv files. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Patel, A., J. Jagai, L. Messer, C. Gray, K. Rappazzo, S. DeflorioBarker, and D. Lobdell. Associations between environmental quality and infant mortality in the United States, 2000-2005. Archives of Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd, London, UK, 76(60): 1, (2018).

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.