From June 25 to June 28, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected temperature measurements to help evaluate the thermal properties at two locations along the shoreline of City Lake in Fredericktown, MO. The in-situ temperature of surface water and saturated sediments was monitored to support calculations of seepage flux. Temperature measurements Celsius were collected every 30 minutes at depths of 0.04, 0.15,0.30,0.61, and 0.91 m below the water bottom. The thermal conductivity of saturated sediments was also measured.

In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) images were acquired at two locations to characterize the temperature of the water and the embankment along the shoreline of City Lake to evaluate potential groundwater discharge locations. The images were collected in the evening dusk to avoid reflections off the water surface while pointing at the shoreline. Visual true-color photographs and FLIR thermal images were collocated to help identify the location of potential thermal anomalies that might indicate groundwater discharge into the lake. The visual images can be used to help interpret the thermal images that might show obstructions or reflections from the vegetation.

In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) images were acquired at two locations to characterize the temperature of the water and the embankment along the shoreline of City Lake to evaluate potential groundwater discharge locations. The images were collected in the evening dusk to avoid reflections off the water surface while pointing at the shoreline. Visual true-color photographs and FLIR thermal images were collocated to help identify the location of potential thermal anomalies that might indicate groundwater discharge into the lake. The visual images can be used to help interpret the thermal images that might show obstructions or reflections from the vegetation.

An initial reconnaissance survey in March 2016 and a subsequent survey in July 2016 was conducted to identify possible groundwater discharge points along the stream reach using a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera in seasonal extremes. The high-resolution thermal imaging camera captures the emitted infrared radiation of the objects in view. Recent studies using similar ground-based thermal infrared imaging techniques have been successful in qualitatively locating groundwater discharge along discrete features, such as fractures and faults, as well as diffuse seepage along stream banks (Deitchman and Loheide, 2009; Pandey and others, 2013). Sites of interest were those where temperature differences were observed between the stream surface and points of streambank inflow, more specifically where warmer groundwater was observed flowing from the streambank into the relatively cooler stream during the winter and cooler groundwater entering the relatively warmer stream during the summer.

An initial reconnaissance survey in March 2016 and a subsequent survey in July 2016 was conducted to identify possible groundwater discharge points along the stream reach using a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera in seasonal extremes. The high-resolution thermal imaging camera captures the emitted infrared radiation of the objects in view. Recent studies using similar ground-based thermal infrared imaging techniques have been successful in qualitatively locating groundwater discharge along discrete features, such as fractures and faults, as well as diffuse seepage along stream banks (Deitchman and Loheide, 2009; Pandey and others, 2013). Sites of interest were those where temperature differences were observed between the stream surface and points of streambank inflow, more specifically where warmer groundwater was observed flowing from the streambank into the relatively cooler stream during the winter and cooler groundwater entering the relatively warmer stream during the summer.

This data release consists of two datasets, each accessible in its own child page, collected at the North Chevalier Field Disposal Area (Site 11) at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida. Site 11 is adjacent to Bayou Grande, which empties into Pensacola Bay. The first dataset consists of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing data collected from March 13-March 16, 2018. The second dataset consists of specific conductance and temperature data collected from September 12, 2018-September 19,2022 from a series of shallow drivepoints installed along the shoreline at Site 11.

Heat is used as a tracer for a variety of physical hydrogeological process. For ongoing studies related to groundwater/surface water exchange, temperatures of streambed sediment along the bank, in drainage ditches, and in the river were measured using handheld thermal infrared (FLIR Systems, Inc) cameras and thermocouple (Digi-Sense, Inc) probes. Thermal surveys of the Quashnet river were completed from August 14 to August 25, 2017. Zones of spatially-preferential groundwater discharge were identified as cold anomalies in summer, reflecting the influence from groundwater temperatures of approximately 11 degrees Celsius.

Heat is used as a tracer for a variety of physical hydrogeological process. For ongoing studies related to groundwater/surface water exchange, temperatures of streambed sediment along the bank, in drainage ditches, and in the river were measured using handheld thermal infrared (FLIR Systems, Inc) cameras and thermocouple (Digi-Sense, Inc) probes. Thermal surveys of the Quashnet river were completed from August 14 to August 25, 2017. Zones of spatially-preferential groundwater discharge were identified as cold anomalies in summer, reflecting the influence from groundwater temperatures of approximately 11 degrees Celsius.

This Data Release includes temperature measurements collected using a wrapped fiber-optic tool in a Cape Cod, MA streambed on 06/06/2016 to demonstrate the application of the manuscript: Kurylyk, B.L., Irvine, D.J, Carey, S., Briggs, M.A., Werkema, D., and Bonham, M., 2017, Heat as a hydrologic tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications, Hydrological Processes. The directory RAW_DATA contains the measured temperature time series at varied depth in the streambed along the vertical fiber-optic HRTS tool as described in the local read.me file. The OUTPUT directory contains simple statistical analysis (min/max, mean, stdev) of the raw temperature data as described in the local read.me file.

This Data Release includes temperature measurements collected using a wrapped fiber-optic tool in a Cape Cod, MA streambed on 06/06/2016 to demonstrate the application of the manuscript: Kurylyk, B.L., Irvine, D.J, Carey, S., Briggs, M.A., Werkema, D., and Bonham, M., 2017, Heat as a hydrologic tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications, Hydrological Processes. The directory RAW_DATA contains the measured temperature time series at varied depth in the streambed along the vertical fiber-optic HRTS tool as described in the local read.me file. The OUTPUT directory contains simple statistical analysis (min/max, mean, stdev) of the raw temperature data as described in the local read.me file.