Elemental chemistry and weight percent of the less than 0.063 mm fine sediment fraction are reported for surface sediments from shoals, the ebb tide delta, local tributaries, and inland rivers that carry sediment to San Francisco Bay, California.

Elemental chemistry and weight percent of the less than 0.063 mm fine sediment fraction are reported for surface sediments from shoals, the ebb tide delta, local tributaries, and inland rivers that carry sediment to San Francisco Bay, California.

Bulk organic geochemistry data were determined on one to five cm subsamples of sediment push cores collected from the Escanaba Trough during May to June 2022. These data include percent total organic carbon (percent TOC ), total nitrogen (percent TN), carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N), stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C), stable nitrogen isotope ratios (d15N), radiocarbon values (D14C), and grain size (mean phi). Location information (for example , latitude, longitude, and depth) is also reported.

Elemental compositions are reported for the fine fraction of surface sediments from Bellingham Bay (June 2017 and March 2019) and in the fine fraction of streambank sediment from the Nooksack River (September 2017, March 2019, September 2019), Squalicum Creek (March and September 2019), Whatcom Creek (March and September 2019), and Padden Creek (March and September 2019). Major oxide percentages are reported in Nooksack River fine sediment collected in September 2017. Ancillary data for sediment collected during 2017 and 2019 from Bellingham Bay, Nooksack River, and small creeks include: percent weights of gravel, sand, and fines; total organic carbon content (TOC); carbonate content (CaCO3); ratios of stable carbon 13/12 (d13C) and nitrogen 15/14 (d15N) isotopes and total carbon to total nitrogen (C:N); and short-lived cosmogenic radionuclide activities (Beryllium-7, Cesium-137, and excess Lead-210).

This data set was collected throughout the Gallinas watershed in New, Mexico following the Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon fires on April 6, 2022. The watershed has a history of mining and prospecting, which acts as an additional stressor to post-wildfire water quality and ecosystem health. Water samples were collected immediately post-fire. Water, sediment deposit and bed sediment samples were collected in October 2022 and April 2023, 6 months and 1-year post-fire. Samples were collected from Gallinas Creek and its tributaries. Geochemical analyses of water samples include major and trace metals via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), total organic carbon, and major anions (sulfate, nitrate). Sediment deposit samples were exposed to various extractions including water extractions, sequential extractions and aqua regia. The extractions were analyzed for major and trace metals via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ICP-MS, total organic carbon, and major anions (sulfate, nitrate). Weight percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the sediment deposits were also analyzed. Bed sediments were digested with aqua regia and analyzed for metals via ICP-MS. The data collectively demonstrate the effects of wildfire in a disturbed environment on water quality and ecosystem health.

The Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) is a 13.3 km2 leveed basin located at the terminal drainage of the Cache Creek watershed, immediately NE of the town of Woodland (Yolo County), California and approximately 18 km NW of Sacramento, California. The basin was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (completed in 1937 and modified in 1993) for the purpose of trapping suspended sediment transported from the upper Cache Creek watershed during high-flow events, thus preventing sediment from entering the Yolo Bypass, a larger downstream floodwater conveyance and agricultural zone. In addition to trapping suspended sediment, the CCSB also traps sediment-associated mercury (Hg), which is particularly elevated in the upper watershed, owing to natural Hg deposits and associated historic Hg mining areas. The CCSB is a multi-use area containing a number of habitat types that are typical of the California Central Valley region, including: open-water (stream, canal), riparian, floodplain (woody, non-woody), and agriculture (row crop fields) habitats. This dataset includes shallow surface sediment (top 0–2 cm interval) constituent concentration data (primarily) and microbial methylmercury production potential rate data (limited) collected between April 2010 and July 2017 from the above-noted habitats to assess spatial and temporal variations in sediment geochemistry and mercury speciation within the CCSB. The dataset is presented in two sections (child pages): one has the constituent concentration and microbial rate data, and the other includes results of habitat mapping that was conducted within the CCSB for the purpose of data analysis.

The Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) is a 13.3 km2 leveed basin located at the terminal drainage of the Cache Creek watershed, immediately NE of the town of Woodland (Yolo County), California and approximately 18 km NW of Sacramento, California. The basin was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (completed in 1937 and modified in 1993) for the purpose of trapping suspended sediment transported from the upper Cache Creek watershed during high-flow events, thus preventing sediment from entering the Yolo Bypass, a larger downstream floodwater conveyance and agricultural zone. In addition to trapping suspended sediment, the CCSB also traps sediment-associated mercury (Hg), which is particularly elevated in the upper watershed, owing to natural Hg deposits and associated historic Hg mining areas. The CCSB is a multi-use area containing a number of habitat types that are typical of the California Central Valley region, including: open-water (stream, canal), riparian, floodplain (woody, non-woody), and agriculture (row crop fields) habitats. This dataset includes shallow surface sediment (top 0–2 cm interval) constituent concentration data (primarily) and microbial methylmercury production potential rate data (limited) collected between April 2010 and July 2017 from the above-noted habitats to assess spatial and temporal variations in sediment geochemistry and mercury speciation within the CCSB. The dataset is presented in two sections (child pages): one has the constituent concentration and microbial rate data, and the other includes results of habitat mapping that was conducted within the CCSB for the purpose of data analysis.

The Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) is a 13.3 km2 leveed basin located at the terminal drainage of the Cache Creek watershed, immediately NE of the town of Woodland (Yolo County), California and approximately 18 km NW of Sacramento, California. The basin was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (completed in 1937 and modified in 1993) for the purpose of trapping suspended sediment transported from the upper Cache Creek watershed during high-flow events, thus preventing sediment from entering the Yolo Bypass, a larger downstream floodwater conveyance and agricultural zone. In addition to trapping suspended sediment, the CCSB also traps sediment-associated mercury (Hg), which is particularly elevated in the upper watershed, owing to natural Hg deposits and associated historic Hg mining areas. The CCSB is a multi-use area containing a number of habitat types that are typical of the California Central Valley region, including: open-water (stream, canal), riparian, floodplain (woody, non-woody), and agriculture (row crop fields) habitats. This dataset includes shallow surface sediment (top 0–2 cm interval) constituent concentration data (primarily) and microbial methylmercury production potential rate data (limited) collected between April 2010 and July 2019 from the above-noted habitats to assess spatial and temporal variations in sediment geochemistry and mercury speciation within the CCSB. The dataset is presented in two sections (child pages): one has the constituent concentration and microbial rate data, and the other includes results of habitat mapping that was conducted within the CCSB for the purpose of data analysis. First posted – October 16, 2018 (available from author) Revised – July, 2021 (version 2.0)

The Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) is a 13.3 km2 leveed basin located at the terminal drainage of the Cache Creek watershed, immediately NE of the town of Woodland (Yolo County), California and approximately 18 km NW of Sacramento, California. The basin was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (completed in 1937 and modified in 1993) for the purpose of trapping suspended sediment transported from the upper Cache Creek watershed during high-flow events, thus preventing sediment from entering the Yolo Bypass, a larger downstream floodwater conveyance and agricultural zone. In addition to trapping suspended sediment, the CCSB also traps sediment-associated mercury (Hg), which is particularly elevated in the upper watershed, owing to natural Hg deposits and associated historic Hg mining areas. The CCSB is a multi-use area containing a number of habitat types that are typical of the California Central Valley region, including: open-water (stream, canal), riparian, floodplain (woody, non-woody), and agriculture (row crop fields) habitats. This dataset includes shallow surface sediment (top 0–2 cm interval) constituent concentration data (primarily) and microbial methylmercury production potential rate data (limited) collected between April 2010 and July 2017 from the above-noted habitats to assess spatial and temporal variations in sediment geochemistry and mercury speciation within the CCSB. The dataset is presented in two sections (child pages): one has the constituent concentration and microbial rate data, and the other includes results of habitat mapping that was conducted within the CCSB for the purpose of data analysis.

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release contains data from stream water, groundwater, and soil samples collected in 2019 and 2020 in the North Quartz Creek watershed in central Colorado. Fourteen streambank wells were installed in pairs at seven locations in August 2020 to capture the emerging groundwater from the left bank and right banks (relative to downstream-facing direction) and a synoptic sampling campaign was conducted to quantify metal contributions to the stream. A continuous, instream injection of sodium bromide (NaBr) was initiated at the head of the 5 km study reach several days prior to the synoptic sampling campaign and maintained throughout the duration of the study. Bromide concentrations were subsequently used to determine streamflow in the primary study reach (upper 1.3 km) using the tracer-dilution method, and as an indicator of hydrologic connections between North Quartz Creek and subsurface water. Streamflow was quantified in a secondary study reach (lower 3.7 km) using data from a series of sodium chloride slug additions wherein specific conductivity readings were used as a surrogate for the tracer concentration. Surface water samples were collected along North Quartz Creek including inflows from the left (LBI) and right (RBI) banks. Soil and sediment samples were collected along the transport path from source material (natural weathering and mine tailings/mine drainage) to the stream.