The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), at the request of the U.S. Army Environmental Command (USAEC), evaluated the capabilities of two borehole technologies to measure horizontal groundwater velocity and direction of flow in a parallel-plate fractured-rock simulator. A colloidal borescope flowmeter (HB) and a heat-pulse flowmeter (HH) were deployed in 4-inch and 6-inch inner-diameter simulated uncased wells that spanned 0.39- and 1.0-inch apertures with simulated groundwater velocities ranging from 2 to 958 feet per day. Measurements were made at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility in the Hydraulics Laboratory and the Indianapolis office of the USGS Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center. Ten measurements were made with the HB in the 1-inch fracture aperture intersecting a 6-inch inner-diameter well. Seven measurements were made in the 0.39-inch fracture aperture intersecting a 4-inch inner diameter well and six were made in the 0.39-inch aperture 6-inch inner-diameter well. All measurements were within the velocity limits specified by the manufacturer. Results from these measurements using the HB can be found in the child item, 'Experimental Results for Colloidal Borescope Flowmeter'. Thirty-seven measurements were made with the HH in the 1-inch fracture aperture intersecting a 6-inch inner-diameter well. Eight measurements were made in the 0.39-inch fracture aperture intersecting a 4-inch inner diameter well and eight were made in the 0.39-inch aperture 6-inch inner-diameter well. The tested velocity range (2 to 958 ft/d) was similar to the range examined with the HB (34 to 958 ft/d) but exceeded the range suggested by the manufacturer (0.5-100 ft/d). Results from these measurements using the HH can be found in the child item, 'Experimental Results for Heat-Pulse Flowmeter'. Seven measurements were made with the HB using various vertical placements relative to the fracture. Results from these vertical measurements using the HB can be found in the child item, 'Experimental Results for Vertical Placement of Colloidal Borescope Flowmeter'. The flowmeter systems used in this study are described in Bayless and others (2011), available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01324.x.

The colloidal borescope flowmeter (HB) used in this testing was developed by AquaVISION, Llc. The instrument employs a charge-coupled device camera, an optical magnification lens (140x), and a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination source to visually track neutrally buoyant colloids (approximately 1-5 microns) moving horizontally through the borehole. The device measured groundwater velocity and flow direction in the x-y (horizontal) plane. The HB magnetometer was checked with a compass to assure proper instrument orientation before deployment into the simulators. Borescope data were collected for each flow condition for a period of at least 30 minutes. After data collection, borescope data were inspected for anomalous periods of record that were caused by disturbances such as a vibration in the laboratory. Anomalous periods were deleted before computing the velocity and flow direction.

The effects of vertical flowmeter placement relative to the vertical fracture opening were examined using the colloidal borescope flowmeter (HB). For these measurements, the HB measurement interval was located at a depth equal to 0.5-inch above and below the top and bottom edges of the fracture, respectively; at upper and lower edge of the fracture; at the center of the fracture; and 0.25-inch above and below the center of the fracture. The HB measurement interval was radially centered in the borehole. For those tests, the simulated flow direction was 180, aperture was 1.0-inch and the velocity was held steady at 297 ft/d. This sub-study was intended to identify potential influence of turbulent eddies on measured values and the importance of optimal flowmeter placement. The HH was not used to make measurements for the sub-study because the tool has a larger measurement interval and could not make measurements at depths as precisely as the HB.

The data on this page consists of .csv files that contain vertical flow measurements within the borehole and the associated depth below land surface. Measurements recorded under both ambient and stressed conditions are contained in each file.

Submission includes data from laboratory slide-hold-slide tests, combined with flow through tests, conducted on Westerly granite with 30 degree sawcut. Tests were conducted with a constant confining pressure of 30 MPa with an average pore pressure of 10 MPa at temperatures of 23 and 200 degC. Three fluid flow conditions were examined (1) no flow, (2) cycled flow, and (3) continuous flow. Data were collected to asses the effect of temperature and pore fluid on frictional healing rates in granite at geothermal conditions. Data is available in XML and JSON data types.

*This submission provides corrections to GDR Submissions 844 and 845* Poroelastic Tomography (PoroTomo) by Adjoint Inverse Modeling of Data from Hydrology. The 3 *csv files containing pressure data are the corrected versions of the pressure dataset found in Submission 844. The dataset has been corrected in the sense that the atmospheric pressure has been subtracted from the total pressure measured in the well. Also, the transducers used at wells 56A-1 and SP-2 are sensitive to surface temperature fluctuations. These temperature effects have been removed from the corrected datasets. The 4th *csv file contains corrected version of the pumping data found in Submission 845. The data has been corrected in the sense that the data from several wells that were used during the PoroTomo deployment pumping tests that were not included in the original dataset has been added. In addition, several other minor changes have been made to the pumping records due to flow rate instrument calibration issues that were discovered.

Heat is used as a tracer for a variety of physical hydrogeological process. Several types of instruments are used to measure the temperature of surface water and saturated sediments. In the Quashnet River we have been using methods that include: infrared, fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing, and individual logging thermistors. The latter type of data (thermistor) are described and presented here.