The GOES IMPACTS dataset consists of single reflective band radiance products from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-16 geostationary satellite. These data were collected in support of the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The GOES IMPACTS dataset files are available in netCDF-4 format from January 1 through February 29, 2020. This dataset contains data from the GOES-16 CONUS and Mesoscale sectors, although IMPACTS uses a subset of the GOES-16 CONUS domain. The complete collection of GOES data is available from the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS). It should be noted that this dataset will be updated in subsequent years of the IMPACTS campaign.

The Mission Reports IMPACTS dataset consists of flight plans, plans of the day, science plans, and science summaries logged by scientists during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2022). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The mission reports are available from January 17 through March 1, 2020 in PDF format. It should be noted that this dataset will be updated in subsequent years of the IMPACTS campaign.

The SBU Pluvio Precipitation Gauge IMPACTS dataset consists of precipitation intensity and precipitation accumulation collected using the OTT Pluvio2 weighing rain gauge during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) campaign. Funded by NASA’s Earth Venture program, IMPACTS is the first comprehensive study of East Coast snowstorms in 30 years. The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. Data files in this dataset are available in ASCII-csv format from January 7, 2020 through February 27, 2020.

The GOES-R PLT Mission Reports dataset consists of various reports filed by the scientists during the GOES-R Post Launch Test (PLT) field campaign including flight reports, weather forecasts, mission scientist reports, and plan-of-day reports. The campaign took place from March to May of 2017 in support of post-launch L1B and L2+ product validation of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) and the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). The GOES-R PLT Mission Reports dataset contains reports from March 13 through May 17, 2017 in PDF, PNG, Microsoft Excel and Word (.xlsx and .docx) format, and KMZ format for display in Google Earth.

The ER-2 X-band Radar (EXRAD) IMPACTS dataset consists of radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity estimates collected by the EXRAD onboard the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. These data were gathered during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2022). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The EXRAD IMPACTS dataset files are available from January 25 through February 27, 2020 in HDF-5 format.

The UAlbany Parsivel IMPACTS dataset consists of precipitation data collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in support of the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The Parsivel disdrometer data include particle size distribution, fall speed, radar reflectivity and precipitation rate. The dataset files are available in netCDF-4 format from 30 January 2020 through 28 February 2022.

The AIRMISR_SNOW_ICE_2001 data were acquired during the Colorado snow albedo field experiment in the Yampa Valley of Colorado during February and March, 2001. This experiment focused on snow albedo and atmospheric characterization as part of a validation effort for estimating snow albedo from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The validation site is located at 40.4N, 106.8W, just south of Steamboat Springs, Colorado. AirMISR and MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data were collected on March 8, 2001. The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is an airborne instrument for obtaining multi-angle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument, which is designed to contribute to studies of the Earth's ecology and climate. AirMISR flies on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California built the instrument for NASA. Unlike the satellite-borne MISR instrument, which has nine cameras oriented at various angles, AirMISR uses a single camera in a pivoting gimbal mount. A data run by the ER-2 aircraft is divided into nine segments, each with the camera positioned to a MISR look angle. The gimbal rotates between successive segments, such that each segment acquires data over the same area on the ground as the previous segment. This process is repeated until all nine angles of the target area are collected. The swath width, which varies from 11 km in the nadir to 32 km at the most oblique angle, is governed by the camera's instantaneous field-of-view of 7 meters cross-track x 6 meters along-track in the nadir view and 21 meters x 55 meters at the most oblique angle. The along-track image length at each angle is dictated by the timing required to obtain overlap imagery at all angles, and varies from about 9 km in the nadir to 26 km at the most oblique angle. Thus, the nadir image dictates the area of overlap that is obtained from all nine angles. A complete flight run takes approximately 13 minutes. The 9 camera viewing angles are: 0 degrees or nadir 26.1 degrees, fore and aft 45.6 degrees, fore and aft 60.0 degrees, fore and aft 70.5 degrees, fore and aft. For each of the camera angles, images are obtained at 4 spectral bands. The spectral bands can be used to identify vegetation and aerosols, estimate surface reflectance and for ocean color studies. The center wavelengths of the 4 spectral bands are: 443 nanometers, blue 555 nanometers, green 670 nanometers, red 865 nanometers, near-infrared. Two types of AirMISR data products are available - the Level 1 Radiometric product (L1B1) and the Level 1 Georectified radiance product (L1B2).

The AIRMISR_SNOW_ICE_2001 data were acquired during the Colorado snow albedo field experiment in the Yampa Valley of Colorado during February and March, 2001. This experiment focused on snow albedo and atmospheric characterization as part of a validation effort for estimating snow albedo from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The validation site is located at 40.4N, 106.8W, just south of Steamboat Springs, Colorado. AirMISR and MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data were collected on March 8, 2001. The Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) is an airborne instrument for obtaining multi-angle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument, which is designed to contribute to studies of the Earth's ecology and climate. AirMISR flies on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California built the instrument for NASA. Unlike the satellite-borne MISR instrument, which has nine cameras oriented at various angles, AirMISR uses a single camera in a pivoting gimbal mount. A data run by the ER-2 aircraft is divided into nine segments, each with the camera positioned to a MISR look angle. The gimbal rotates between successive segments, such that each segment acquires data over the same area on the ground as the previous segment. This process is repeated until all nine angles of the target area are collected. The swath width, which varies from 11 km in the nadir to 32 km at the most oblique angle, is governed by the camera's instantaneous field-of-view of 7 meters cross-track x 6 meters along-track in the nadir view and 21 meters x 55 meters at the most oblique angle. The along-track image length at each angle is dictated by the timing required to obtain overlap imagery at all angles, and varies from about 9 km in the nadir to 26 km at the most oblique angle. Thus, the nadir image dictates the area of overlap that is obtained from all nine angles. A complete flight run takes approximately 13 minutes.The 9 camera viewing angles are:0 degrees or nadir26.1 degrees, fore and aft45.6 degrees, fore and aft60.0 degrees, fore and aft70.5 degrees, fore and aftFor each of the camera angles, images are obtained at 4 spectral bands. The spectral bands can be used to identify vegetation and aerosols, estimate surface reflectance and ocean color studies. The center wavelengths of the 4 spectral bands are:443 nanometers, blue555 nanometers, green670 nanometers, red865 nanometers, near-infraredTwo types of AirMISR data products are available - the Level 1 Radiometric product (L1B1) and the Level 1 Georectified radiance product (L1B2).

The SBU Doppler LiDAR IMPACTS dataset consists of Doppler velocity and backscatter intensity from the Stony Brook University (SBU) Doppler LiDAR. These data were collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2022). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The dataset files are available in netCDF-4 format from January 1 through February 26, 2020.

The KBGM NEXRAD IMPACTS dataset consists of Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Level II surveillance data that were collected from January 1 to March 1, 2020 during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast. The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. There are currently 160 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) or NEXRAD sites throughout the United States and abroad. These Level II datasets contain meteorological and dual-polarization base data quantities including: radar reflectivity, radial velocity, spectrum width, differential reflectivity, differential phase, and cross correlation ratio. The IMPACTS NEXRAD Level II data files are available in netCDF-4 format. It should be noted that this dataset will be updated in subsequent years of the IMPACTS campaign.