This dataset describes the hydrogeomorphic structure and lake-tributary mixing in three intermediate-sized Lake Michigan rivermouths: Ford River, Manitowoc River, and Pere Marquette River. Data were collected from May to October 2011. Water chemistry variables were measured with a multiparameter sonde along longitudinal, lateral, and vertical transects. Magnesium, boron, and stable water isotope concentrations were also determined from grab water samples at particular depths.

These data were collected to examine water mixing in the lower Maumee River to determine the extent to which water from Lake Erie backflows into the river, and under what conditions this occurs. We used a combination of fixed hydrologic gauges; water chemistry including stable isotopes and conservative tracers; and direct physical measurements to estimate the percentages of lake and river water at both fixed sites and transects. Those results were compared with concurrent flows and estimates of seiche activity. Data suggest that during 2013 mixing did occur, but was confined to the lowest river reach within the city limits of Toledo, Ohio. This tabular data set could be used for any questions involving large river water chemistry or physical processes. It includes boron and magnesium measurements, isotope data, sonde transect data, and sonde vertical profile data.

These data were collected to examine water mixing in the lower Maumee River to determine the extent to which water from Lake Erie backflows into the river, and under what conditions this occurs. We used a combination of fixed hydrologic gauges; water chemistry including stable isotopes and conservative tracers; and direct physical measurements to estimate the percentages of lake and river water at both fixed sites and transects. Those results were compared with concurrent flows and estimates of seiche activity. Data suggest that during 2013 mixing did occur, but was confined to the lowest river reach within the city limits of Toledo, Ohio. This tabular data set could be used for any questions involving large river water chemistry or physical processes. It includes boron and magnesium measurements, isotope data, sonde transect data, and sonde vertical profile data.

Chemical composition of fish bones can be used to trace fish migrations and other movements (e.g., use of tributaries for spawning). Chemical composition of water is required to be able to trace fish migrations or movements to particular rivers or streams. Because water chemistry can change over time due to changes in land use, tectonic movements that alter groundwater pathways, pollution, industrial activity, and potentially other sources, periodic re-assessment of water chemistry is required. Here we present data on concentrations of common elements for several tributary streams to Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario collected in 2017 and 2018. These data will be useful to anyone desiring to track fish usage of these tributaries or changes in water chemistry resulting from land use changes.

Chemical composition of fish bones can be used to trace fish migrations and other movements (e.g., use of tributaries for spawning). Chemical composition of water is required to be able to trace fish migrations or movements to particular rivers or streams. Because water chemistry can change over time due to changes in land use, tectonic movements that alter groundwater pathways, pollution, industrial activity, and potentially other sources, periodic re-assessment of water chemistry is required. Here we present data on concentrations of common elements for several tributary streams to Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario collected in 2017 and 2018. These data will be useful to anyone desiring to track fish usage of these tributaries or changes in water chemistry resulting from land use changes.

These data include base flow separation estimates for 64 USGS streamflow gages in the Lake Superior watershed from 1945 to 2020, shapefiles of the gaging stations and watersheds for each gaging station, and a zipped folder of graphics of the base flow separation results. The base flow separation estimates were calculated using the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox (Barlow and others, 2014) for any complete water years of record for these gages from 1945 to 2020. The shapefile of the gaging stations includes the starting and ending years of data for each station, the number of years of record. The watersheds shapefile includes the source for the watershed delineation, the watershed area, and the number of upstream and(or) downstream gaging stations on the same river system. If there are upstream gaging stations in the river system, the watershed delineated is only the incremental part of the watershed between gaging stations. The baseflow separation estimates for each gaging station include daily, monthly, and annual output from the Groundwater Toolbox for six estimation methods included in the software (full references are available in Barlow and others, 2014): the baseflow Index-Standard method, HySep Fixed Interval, HySep Local Minimum, HySep Sliding Interval, baseflow Index-Modified, PART, and BFLOW. A summary of the annual baseflow estimates for all the gaging stations using all the methods is provided also is included in this data release. This data release is one of three child items under the overall data release at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9084UKQ.

These data include base flow separation estimates for 64 USGS streamflow gages in the Lake Superior watershed from 1945 to 2020, shapefiles of the gaging stations and watersheds for each gaging station, and a zipped folder of graphics of the base flow separation results. The base flow separation estimates were calculated using the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox (Barlow and others, 2014) for any complete water years of record for these gages from 1945 to 2020. The shapefile of the gaging stations includes the starting and ending years of data for each station, the number of years of record. The watersheds shapefile includes the source for the watershed delineation, the watershed area, and the number of upstream and(or) downstream gaging stations on the same river system. If there are upstream gaging stations in the river system, the watershed delineated is only the incremental part of the watershed between gaging stations. The baseflow separation estimates for each gaging station include daily, monthly, and annual output from the Groundwater Toolbox for six estimation methods included in the software (full references are available in Barlow and others, 2014): the baseflow Index-Standard method, HySep Fixed Interval, HySep Local Minimum, HySep Sliding Interval, baseflow Index-Modified, PART, and BFLOW. A summary of the annual baseflow estimates for all the gaging stations using all the methods is provided also is included in this data release. This data release is one of three child items under the overall data release at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9084UKQ.

This USGS data release evaluates the impact of historical mining sites on water quality using samples collected in late July 2021 from Big Creek tributaries Coin Creek, Smith Creek, and Monumental Creek in Valley County, Idaho. These data were collected to support a fisheries mining impact assessment in the Middle Fork Salmon River. Specific conductance, pH, and stream temperature were measured in the field. Analyses include major cations and anions, alkalinity, trace metals, total mercury, and methylmercury.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created geospatial datasets of potential culvert locations along with flowlines connected to southwestern Lake Erie as part of the Western Lake Erie Restoration Assessment (WLERA). The Degree Flowlines and Culverts datasets represent the flowline network and culverts in the WLERA study area. Both datasets will be served in the Great Lakes Wetlands Restoration Area mapping application [https://glcwra.wim.usgs.gov/]. The map-based user interface can be used by stakeholders to find potential areas for successful wetlands restoration. Each flowline was assigned a connectivity score describing its level of connectedness to Lake Erie. Low numbers represent fewer disconnections, such as culverts or road crossings, between the reach and the water body requiring no flow network modification to restore the area. For more information, see the full data release documentation and the GLCWRA webpage: https://glcwra.wim.usgs.gov/.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created geospatial datasets of potential culvert locations along with flowlines connected to southwestern Lake Erie as part of the Western Lake Erie Restoration Assessment (WLERA). The Degree Flowlines and Culverts datasets represent the flowline network and culverts in the WLERA study area. Both datasets will be served in the Great Lakes Wetlands Restoration Area mapping application [https://glcwra.wim.usgs.gov/]. The map-based user interface can be used by stakeholders to find potential areas for successful wetlands restoration. Each flowline was assigned a connectivity score describing its level of connectedness to Lake Erie. Low numbers represent fewer disconnections, such as culverts or road crossings, between the reach and the water body requiring no flow network modification to restore the area. For more information, see the full data release documentation and the GLCWRA webpage: https://glcwra.wim.usgs.gov/.