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Lamington, Papua New Guinea Images
This dormant stratovolcano in Papua New Guinea suddenly exploded in 1951. Nuees ardentes (glowing avalanches) shot down the mountain at 100 km per hour, devastated over 200 km2, and killed about 3,000 people. Temperatures of the cloud were so high that the deposits were still hot two years later. Following the explosive eruption, a 500-meter-high lava dome grew in the explosion crater until 1956.
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July 1998 Sissano, Papua New Guinea Images
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At least 2,183 people killed, thousands injured, about 9,500 homeless and about 500 missing as a result of a tsunami generated in the Sissano area. Maximum wave heights estimated at 15 meters. Several villages were completely destroyed and others extensively damaged. Maximum recorded wave heights from selected tide stations (peak-to-trough, in cm) were as follows: 40 on Miyake-jima; 30 at Tosa-Shimuzu, Shikoku; 26 at Muroto, Shikoku; 24 at Naze, Amami O-shima; 20 on Tanega-shima; 20 at Kushimoto, Honshu; 6 at Jackson Bay and 4.7 at Kaikoura, New Zealand; 5 on Yap. Felt along much of the northern Papua New Guinea coast.
November 1999 Vanuatu, Vanuatu Islands Images
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An earthquake estimated between moment magnitude 7.1 and 7.5 occurred off the east coast of Vanuatu on November 26, 1999 at 13:21 UTC. The earthquake generated a damaging tsunami that struck the coast of Vanuatu, where it reached as high as 6.6 meters above sea level and destroyed an entire village.
June 1991 Pinatubo, Philippines Images
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Mount Pinatubo is an andesitic island arc volcano, located on the southwestern part of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Prior to 1991, it had been dormant for more than 635 years. After months of rumbling, the volcano stirred to life on April 2, 1991. The next two and a half months were marked by generally increasing volcanic and seismic activity at the site. On June 15, a cataclysmic eruption began with a tremendous explosion. This slide set shows the early stages of the eruption phase, the cataclysmic eruption of June 15, and the effects and aftermath of the eruption. Subsequent calamities caused by the ash, pyroclastic flows, mud flows, and flooding are also depicted.
La Soufriere, Guadeloupe Images
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La Soufriere is a stratovolcano with a summit dome, on the southern part of Guadeloupe Island. It has erupted explosively about ten times since 1400.
Kilauea, USA Images
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The basaltic shield volcano on the Island of Hawaii is among the most extensively studied volcanoes in the world. The volcano, with its summit caldera, is located on the east flank of giant Mauna Loa. Activity began with a violent explosive eruption in 1790. In the 19th and early 20th Centuries its lava lake eruptions attracted widespread attention. Nearly half of the world's known lava lake eruptions occur here.
December 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia Images
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The December 26, 2004 magnitude 9.1 Sumatra, Indonesia earthquake (3.316 N, 95.854 E, depth 30 km) generated a tsunami that was observed worldwide and caused tremendous devastation and deaths throughout the Indian Ocean region. The earthquake, which is the third largest in the world since 1900, caused severe damage and casualties in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and in the Nicobar Islands, India. The tsunami that followed killed more people than any other tsunami in recorded history, with 227,898 dead or missing. The total estimated material losses in the Indian Ocean region were $10 billion and insured losses were $2 billion.
September 2009 Samoa Islands, Samoa Images
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At least 149 people killed in Samoa, 34 killed in American Samoa and 9 killed, 7 injured and 500 displaced on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. Widespread damage to infrastructure occurred at Pago Pago, American Samoa, in many parts of Samoa and on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. Nearly all of the casualties and damage was caused by large tsunamis, with run up heights of 12 meters at Poloa, 7 meters at Pago Pago and Tula, American Samoa and 3 meters on Niuatoputapu. Felt in much of American Samoa, Samoa and northern Tonga and as far away as Wallis and Futuna Islands.
December 1992 Flores Region, Maumere, Indonesia Images
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On December 12, 1992, a magnitude 7.5 Ms (USGS) earthquake at 05:29 UT occurred in the Flores, Indonesia, region producing a tsunami that reached shore in five minutes. The source was a thrust fault dipping 32 degrees to the south and extending about 110 kilometers from Cape Batumanuk to Cape Bunga. The earthquake and tsunami caused at least 2,080 fatalities or missing people, including 1,490 in Maurnere, Flores, and 700 on Babi Island.
June 1979 Cadoux, Australia Images
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Western Australia. Damage: $1.5 million.
Soufriere St. Vincent, St. Vincent and the Grenadines Volcano Images
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This volcano is located on St. Vincent in the West Indies. It has a lake in its crater. Born in 1718, the volcano has had seven eruptions including violent eruptions in 1718, 1812, 1902, 1995, and 1997. A heavy ash fall accompanying the 1812 eruption killed 75 people. In 1902, the northern third of the island was devastated within several minutes by a glowing avalanche. The glowing ash cloud descended all sides of the volcano killing 1,600. Evacuation of 17,000 people in 1979 prevented a potential repeat of the tragedy of 1902. Large scale evacuations were ordered in 1997.
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