September 2009 Samoa Islands, Samoa Images
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At least 149 people killed in Samoa, 34 killed in American Samoa and 9 killed, 7 injured and 500 displaced on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. Widespread damage to infrastructure occurred at Pago Pago, American Samoa, in many parts of Samoa and on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. Nearly all of the casualties and damage was caused by large tsunamis, with run up heights of 12 meters at Poloa, 7 meters at Pago Pago and Tula, American Samoa and 3 meters on Niuatoputapu. Felt in much of American Samoa, Samoa and northern Tonga and as far away as Wallis and Futuna Islands.
July 1998 Sissano, Papua New Guinea Images
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At least 2,183 people killed, thousands injured, about 9,500 homeless and about 500 missing as a result of a tsunami generated in the Sissano area. Maximum wave heights estimated at 15 meters. Several villages were completely destroyed and others extensively damaged. Maximum recorded wave heights from selected tide stations (peak-to-trough, in cm) were as follows: 40 on Miyake-jima; 30 at Tosa-Shimuzu, Shikoku; 26 at Muroto, Shikoku; 24 at Naze, Amami O-shima; 20 on Tanega-shima; 20 at Kushimoto, Honshu; 6 at Jackson Bay and 4.7 at Kaikoura, New Zealand; 5 on Yap. Felt along much of the northern Papua New Guinea coast.
Lamington, Papua New Guinea Images
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This dormant stratovolcano in Papua New Guinea suddenly exploded in 1951. Nuees ardentes (glowing avalanches) shot down the mountain at 100 km per hour, devastated over 200 km2, and killed about 3,000 people. Temperatures of the cloud were so high that the deposits were still hot two years later. Following the explosive eruption, a 500-meter-high lava dome grew in the explosion crater until 1956.
January 2022 Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai, Tonga Images
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The Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcano, located 60 km northwest of Tongatapu, Tonga, began erupting at 0407 UTC on 15 January 2022 with a massive explosive eruption at 0414 UTC from seismic data. The eruption triggered a tsunami that caused damage locally, regionally, and across the Pacific. The local tsunami killed three people and caused major destruction to many low-lying coastal communities on Tongatapu, âEua and the Ha'apai Group of Tonga; runups up to 15 m and 500 m inundation were reported for Mango Island by the Tonga Geological Services (TGS). Elsewhere, waves up to 2 m in amplitude were reported by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). Many countries experienced waves greater than 0.3 m in amplitude and damaging waves struck harbours and coasts in New Zealand, Rarotonga, Hawaii and the US west Coast, and as far away as Peru (additionally, two deaths occurred), Chile in the eastern Pacific, and Japan in the northwestern Pacific.
November 1975 Kilauea, USA Images
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Two earthquakes occurred in the morning on Hawaii Island. The first earthquake (3 hours 36 minutes local time, 5.1 Ms, epicenter near the Kilauea crater) awakened the entire population of the island. The second earthquake (4 hours 48 minutes local time, 7.2 Ms, off the southeast coast) caused damage (IX) at Hilo and damage (VIII) at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. In many places houses were severely damaged, roads were breached and became unusable due to landslides; electric power lines were broken. Maximum subsidence 3.5 meters along the southeast coast. Maximum width of ground cracks 1 meter in the park. There was a brief eruption of the Kilauea Volcano. The second earthquake generated a locally damaging submarine landslide tsunami that was recorded at tide gauge stations in Alaska, California, Galapagos Islands, Peru, and Chile.
August 1976 Moro Gulf, Philippines Images
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On August 16, 1976, at 16:11:07 UTC, a magnitude (Mw) 8.0 earthquake shook Mindanao Island in the Philippines. It caused a destructive tsunami in the Celebes Sea that devastated settlements along the coast of Moro Gulf on Mindanao Island, Zamboanga Peninsula and Sulu Islands. As a result of the earthquake and tsunami 4,000 to 8,000 persons were killed or missing, 10,000 were injured, and 90,000 were left homeless. 85% of the casualties may be attributed to the tsunami.
December 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia Images
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The December 26, 2004 magnitude 9.1 Sumatra, Indonesia earthquake (3.316 N, 95.854 E, depth 30 km) generated a tsunami that was observed worldwide and caused tremendous devastation and deaths throughout the Indian Ocean region. The earthquake, which is the third largest in the world since 1900, caused severe damage and casualties in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and in the Nicobar Islands, India. The tsunami that followed killed more people than any other tsunami in recorded history, with 227,898 dead or missing. The total estimated material losses in the Indian Ocean region were $10 billion and insured losses were $2 billion.
December 1992 Flores Region, Maumere, Indonesia Images
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On December 12, 1992, a magnitude 7.5 Ms (USGS) earthquake at 05:29 UT occurred in the Flores, Indonesia, region producing a tsunami that reached shore in five minutes. The source was a thrust fault dipping 32 degrees to the south and extending about 110 kilometers from Cape Batumanuk to Cape Bunga. The earthquake and tsunami caused at least 2,080 fatalities or missing people, including 1,490 in Maurnere, Flores, and 700 on Babi Island.
July 2017 Santa Marta, Colombia Images
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In the Colombian Caribbean, there was a tsunami event caused by underwater landslide on July 19, 2017, at approximately 8:20 am local time, affecting coastal areas and populations in the Caribbean, between Santa Marta and Barranquilla. The event was reported by the community itself and registered by the gauge stations of the General Maritime Directorate (DIMAR) located in Santa Marta (Magdalena).
November 1867 Virgin Islands, USA Images
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On November 18, 1867 at 18:45 UTC, a violent earthquake along the north scarp of the Anegada Trough, occurred 15 to 20 km southwest of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (U.S. Territory). The two shocks were separated by an interval of 10 to 15 minutes and both of these shocks resulted in tremendous tsunamis. The strong earthquake was felt at the U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, St. Croix), the British Virgin Islands (Tortola, St. John), and Puerto Rico (Viequez and Culebra).