The surface reflectance CDR is generated from specialized software called Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS). LEDAPS was originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs)grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The software applies Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric correction routines to Level-1 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)data. Water,vapor, ozone, geopotential height, aerosol optical thickness,and digital elevation are input with Landsat data to the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer models to generate top of atmosphere (TOA)reflectance, surface reflectance, brightness temperature, and masks for clouds, cloud shadows, adjacent clouds, land, and water. The result is delivered as the Landsat surface reflectance CDR.

The surface reflectance CDR is generated from specialized software called Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS). LEDAPS was originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs)grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The software applies Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric correction routines to Level-1 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)data. Water,vapor, ozone, geopotential height, aerosol optical thickness,and digital elevation are input with Landsat data to the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer models to generate top of atmosphere (TOA)reflectance, surface reflectance, brightness temperature, and masks for clouds, cloud shadows, adjacent clouds, land, and water. The result is delivered as the Landsat surface reflectance CDR.

The surface reflectance CDR is generated from specialized software called Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS). LEDAPS was originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs)grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The software applies Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric correction routines to Level-1 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)data. Water,vapor, ozone, geopotential height, aerosol optical thickness,and digital elevation are input with Landsat data to the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer models to generate top of atmosphere (TOA)reflectance, surface reflectance, brightness temperature, and masks for clouds, cloud shadows, adjacent clouds, land, and water. The result is delivered as the Landsat surface reflectance CDR.

The surface reflectance CDR is generated from specialized software called Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS). LEDAPS was originally developed through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs)grant by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland (Masek et al., 2006). The software applies Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric correction routines to Level-1 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)data. Water,vapor, ozone, geopotential height, aerosol optical thickness,and digital elevation are input with Landsat data to the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer models to generate top of atmosphere (TOA)reflectance, surface reflectance, brightness temperature, and masks for clouds, cloud shadows, adjacent clouds, land, and water. The result is delivered as the Landsat surface reflectance CDR.

Landsat satellite data have been produced, archived, and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 1972. Users rely on these data for historical study of land surface change but shoulder the burden of post-production processing to create applications-ready data sets.

Landsat satellite data have been produced, archived, and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 1972. Users rely on these data for historical study of land surface change but shoulder the burden of post-production processing to create applications-ready data sets.

This dataset includes Level-2 (L2) surface reflectance imagery from the AVIRIS-Classic instrument collected for NASA's Western Diversity Time Series Project over California and Nevada in 2013 to 2018. AVIRIS-Classic imagery were collected on the NASA ER-2 from altitude of 19,800 m, yielding imagery with 15-20 m ground sample distance. AVIRIS-Classic is a 224-channel whisk-broom instrument with four grating imaging spectrometers covering a spectral range from 400-2500 nm, with spectral sampling every 10 nm. Radiometric calibration accuracy is within 1 nm, and signal to noise ratio is greater than 100:1. Existing L2 imagery were reprocessed co-register pixels with cloud-free panchromatic imagery from Landsat. Then, topographic, FlexBRDF, and glint corrections were applied and the georectified images were resampled to 15-m spatial resolution. The imagery data are provided in ENVI format. Ground control points used in georectification along the BRDF and topographic correction coefficients are provided in JSON files.

Landsat satellite data have been produced, archived, and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 1972. Users rely on these data for historical study of land surface change but shoulder the burden of post-production processing to create applications-ready data sets.

The Long-Term Data Record (LTDR) produces, validates, and distributes a global land surface climate data record (CDR) that uses both mature and well-tested algorithms in concert with the best-available polar-orbiting satellite data from past to the present. The CDR is critically important to studying global climate change. The LTDR project is unique in that it serves as a bridge that connects data derived from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the EOS Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) VIIRS missions. The LTDR draws from the following eight AVHRR missions: NOAA-7, NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-18, NOAA-19, and MetOp-B. Currently, the project generates a daily surface reflectance product as the fundamental climate data record (FCDR) and derives daily Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf-Area Index/fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (LAI/fPAR) as two thematic CDRs (TCDR). LAI/fPAR was developed as an experimental product. The METOP-B AVHRR Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance Daily L3 Global 0.05 Deg CMG, short-name M1_ AVH09C1 is generated from GIMMS Advanced Processing System (GAPS) BRDF-corrected Surface Reflectance product (AVH01C1). The M1_ AVH09C1 consist of BRDF-corrected surface reflectance for bands 1, 2, and 3, data Quality flags, angles (solar zenith, view zenith, and relative azimuth), and thermal data (thermal bands 3, 4, and 5). The AVH09C1 product is available in HDF4 file format.

The Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) project provides consistent surface reflectance (SR) and top of atmosphere (TOA) brightness data from a virtual constellation of satellite sensors. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) is housed aboard the joint NASA/USGS Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellites, while the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) is mounted aboard Europe’s Copernicus Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B satellites. The combined measurement enables global observations of the land every 2–3 days at 30-meter (m) spatial resolution. The HLS project uses a set of algorithms to obtain seamless products from OLI and MSI that include atmospheric correction, cloud and cloud-shadow masking, spatial co-registration and common gridding, illumination and view angle normalization, and spectral bandpass adjustment. The HLSL30 product provides 30-m Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) and is derived from Landsat 8/9 OLI data products. The HLSS30 and HLSL30 products are gridded to the same resolution and Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)(https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov/products-description/tiling-system/) tiling system, and thus are “stackable” for time series analysis. The HLSL30 product is provided in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, and each band is distributed as a separate file. There are 11 bands included in the HLSL30 product along with one quality assessment (QA) band and four angle bands. See the User Guide for a more detailed description of the individual bands provided in the HLSL30 product.