LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of active crown fires across the landscape. CBD for disturbed and non-disturbed areas is determined via a general linear model (GLM) relating Canopy Height (CH) and Canopy Cover (CC) to CBD (Reeves et al 2009). In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CBD is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's 2023 Update (LF 2023) Forest Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of active crown fires across the landscape. CBD for disturbed and non-disturbed areas is determined via a general linear model (GLM) relating LF's Forest Canopy Height (CH) and Cover (CC) to CBD (Reeves et al 2009). In LF 2023 Conterminous United States (CONUS), fuel products are created with an image-based process to assess canopy structure (CH and CC) for areas disturbed in the past twenty years. To designate disturbed areas where CBD is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2014 to 2023 in the LF Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2014-2023 are represented in LF 2023, and the products are intended to be used in 2024 (the year of release). When using any product from the LF 2023 fuel product suite, users should consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2023). Disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year are not accounted for within LF 2023 fuel products. Learn more about LF 2023 at https://www.landfire.gov/data/lf2023.

LANDFIRE's 2023 Update (LF 2023) Forest Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of active crown fires across the landscape. CBD for disturbed and non-disturbed areas is determined via a general linear model (GLM) relating LF's Forest Canopy Height (CH) and Cover (CC) to CBD (Reeves et al 2009). In LF 2023 Conterminous United States (CONUS), fuel products are created with an image-based process to assess canopy structure (CH and CC) for areas disturbed in the past twenty years. To designate disturbed areas where CBD is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2014 to 2023 in the LF Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2014-2023 are represented in LF 2023, and the products are intended to be used in 2024 (the year of release). When using any product from the LF 2023 fuel product suite, users should consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2023). Disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2023 fiscal year are not accounted for within LF 2023 fuel products. Learn more about LF 2023 at https://www.landfire.gov/data/lf2023.

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of crown fires across the landscape. The CBD mapping process derives field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing the LFRDB plots, field referenced CBD values are computed for each plot with the canopy fuel estimation software FuelCalc. In FuelCalc, for tree species that have no crown biomass, an equation for a species with a similar genus is used as a substitute. Species widely considered to be resistant to fire are excluded, for example, Acer and Populus spp. are excluded from the canopy fuel profile because these species are considered relatively inflammable and therefore unavailable. CBD has a series of post processing techniques and logic checks ensuring it is relevant in the context of other fuel products and fire behavior predictions. All non-forest values and non-burnable types such as urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture are coded as 0. Some stands dominated by broadleaf species which typically do not permit initiation of crown fire (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBD of 0.01 kg m-3. In some instances, LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBD to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. Reporting of the pre-disturbance scenario helps to calculate CBD, with information about vegetation type, cover, and height impacted by a disturbance. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBD also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2020 fuels may be calculated for the year 2020. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2020 in this example), making the products "2020 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of crown fires across the landscape. The CBD mapping process derives field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing the LFRDB plots, field referenced CBD values are computed for each plot with the canopy fuel estimation software FuelCalc. In FuelCalc, for tree species that have no crown biomass, an equation for a species with a similar genus is used as a substitute. Species widely considered to be resistant to fire are excluded, for example, Acer and Populus spp. are excluded from the canopy fuel profile because these species are considered relatively inflammable and therefore unavailable. CBD has a series of post processing techniques and logic checks ensuring it is relevant in the context of other fuel products and fire behavior predictions. All non-forest values and non-burnable types such as urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture are coded as 0. Some stands dominated by broadleaf species which typically do not permit initiation of crown fire (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBD of 0.01 kg m-3. In some instances, LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBD to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. Reporting of the pre-disturbance scenario helps to calculate CBD, with information about vegetation type, cover, and height impacted by a disturbance. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBD also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2019 fuels may be calculated for the year 2019. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2019 in this example), making the products "2019 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of crown fires across the landscape. The CBD mapping process derives field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing the LFRDB plots, field referenced CBD values are computed for each plot with the canopy fuel estimation software FuelCalc. In FuelCalc, for tree species that have no crown biomass, an equation for a species with a similar genus is used as a substitute. Species widely considered to be resistant to fire are excluded, for example, Acer and Populus spp. are excluded from the canopy fuel profile because these species are considered relatively inflammable and therefore unavailable. CBD has a series of post processing techniques and logic checks ensuring it is relevant in the context of other fuel products and fire behavior predictions. All non-forest values and non-burnable types such as urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture are coded as 0. Some stands dominated by broadleaf species which typically do not permit initiation of crown fire (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBD of 0.01 kg m-3. In some instances, LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBD to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. Reporting of the pre-disturbance scenario helps to calculate CBD, with information about vegetation type, cover, and height impacted by a disturbance. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBD also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2020 fuels may be calculated for the year 2020. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2020 in this example), making the products "2020 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of crown fires across the landscape. The CBD mapping process derives field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing the LFRDB plots, field referenced CBD values are computed for each plot with the canopy fuel estimation software FuelCalc. In FuelCalc, for tree species that have no crown biomass, an equation for a species with a similar genus is used as a substitute. Species widely considered to be resistant to fire are excluded, for example, Acer and Populus spp. are excluded from the canopy fuel profile because these species are considered relatively inflammable and therefore unavailable. CBD has a series of post processing techniques and logic checks ensuring it is relevant in the context of other fuel products and fire behavior predictions. All non-forest values and non-burnable types such as urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture are coded as 0. Some stands dominated by broadleaf species which typically do not permit initiation of crown fire (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBD of 0.01 kg m-3. In some instances, LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBD to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. Reporting of the pre-disturbance scenario helps to calculate CBD, with information about vegetation type, cover, and height impacted by a disturbance. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBD also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2019 fuels may be calculated for the year 2019. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2019 in this example), making the products "2019 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE's (LF) Remap Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) describes the mass of available canopy fuel per unit canopy volume that would burn in a crown fire. A spatially explicit map of CBD supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the spread characteristics of crown fires across the landscape. The CBD mapping process derives field referenced estimates of canopy characteristics through LF Reference Database (LFRDB) plot analysis. Utilizing the LFRDB plots, field referenced CBD values are computed for each plot with the canopy fuel estimation software FuelCalc. In FuelCalc, for tree species that have no crown biomass, an equation for a species with a similar genus is used as a substitute. Species widely considered to be resistant to fire are excluded, for example, Acer and Populus spp. are excluded from the canopy fuel profile because these species are considered relatively inflammable and therefore unavailable. CBD has a series of post processing techniques and logic checks ensuring it is relevant in the context of other fuel products and fire behavior predictions. All non-forest values and non-burnable types such as urban, barren, snow and ice, and agriculture are coded as 0. Some stands dominated by broadleaf species which typically do not permit initiation of crown fire (e.g. Populus spp.) are coded with a CBD of 0.01 kg m-3. In some instances, LF Remap assumes the potential burnable biomass in the tree canopy has been accounted for in the surface fuel model. For example, young or short conifer stands where the trees are represented by a shrub type fuel model will not have canopy characteristics. LF Remap Annual Disturbance products are incorporated into CBD to provide informed changes by disturbance type, severity, and time since disturbance (TSD). Annual Disturbance products provide a pre-disturbance scenario represented by LF Remap existing vegetation products. Reporting of the pre-disturbance scenario helps to calculate CBD, with information about vegetation type, cover, and height impacted by a disturbance. With the use of Annual Disturbance products, CBD also has capable fuels functionality. Capable fuels calculate TSD assignments for disturbed areas using an effective year. For example, year 2019 fuels may be calculated for the year 2019. This new process considers all the existing disturbances included in LF Remap and adjusts the TSD for these to the effective year (2019 in this example), making the products "2019 capable fuels." More information about capable fuels can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/lf_remap.php.

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Forest Canopy Cover (CC) describes the percent cover of the tree canopy in a stand. CC is a vertical projection of the tree canopy cover onto an imaginary horizontal plane. CC supplies information for fire behavior models to determine the probability of crown fire initiation, provide input in the spotting model, calculate wind reductions, and to calculate fuel moisture conditioning. To create this product, plot level CC values are calculated using the canopy fuel estimation software, Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Pre-disturbance CC and Canopy Height (CH) are used as predictors of disturbed CC using a linear regression equation per Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), disturbance type/severity, and time since disturbance. CC is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CC is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Forest Canopy Cover (CC) describes the percent cover of the tree canopy in a stand. CC is a vertical projection of the tree canopy cover onto an imaginary horizontal plane. CC supplies information for fire behavior models to determine the probability of crown fire initiation, provide input in the spotting model, calculate wind reductions, and to calculate fuel moisture conditioning. To create this product, plot level CC values are calculated using the canopy fuel estimation software, Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Pre-disturbance CC and Canopy Height (CH) are used as predictors of disturbed CC using a linear regression equation per Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), disturbance type/severity, and time since disturbance. CC is used in the calculation of Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) and Canopy Base Height (CBH). In LF 2022, fuel products are created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in areas that were un-disturbed in the last ten years. To designate disturbed areas where CC is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance (FDist) product are used. All existing disturbances between 2013-2022 are represented in the LF 2022 update, and the products are intended to be used in 2023 (the year of release). The "capable" year terminology used in LF 2020 and LF 2016 Remap is no longer specified, due to reduction in latency from when a disturbance occurs to the release date of fuel products accounting for that disturbance. However, users should still consider adjusting fuel layers for disturbances that occurred after the end of the 2022 fiscal year (after October 1st, 2022) when using the LF 2022 fuel products. Because those changes would not be accounted for. Learn more about LF 2022 at https://landfire.gov/lf_230.php