The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne scanning spectrometer that acquires high spatial resolution imagery of cloud and surface features from its vantage point on-board a NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. This dataset has visible and infrared imagery calibrated to at-sensor radiance. Included are many associated browse files including the flight line tracks, and also text files of nadir brightness temperature and radiance for selected bands.

The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Level-2 Cloud Data product (MASL2CLD) consists of cloud optical and physical parameters. These parameters are derived using remotely sensed infrared and near infrared solar reflected radiances. Multispectral images of the reflectance and brightness temperature at 10 wavelengths between 0.66 and 13.98nm were used to derive the probability of clear sky (or cloud), cloud thermodynamic phase, and the optical thickness and effective radius of liquid water and ice clouds. MASL2CLD product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS). All gridded cloud parameters are stored as Scientific Data Sets (SDS) within the file. For more information and for a list of MAS campaign flights visit ladsweb at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/mas/

The TCSP ER-2 MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) dataset was collected by a MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), which is a multi-spectral line-scanner system that acquires image data in 50 spectral bands over wavelengths ranging from 0.46 to 14.3 microns. Flown on the ER-2 aircraft at an operating altitude of 19.8 km (65,000 ft.), it produces nominal pixel sizes of 50 meters. MAS includes nine spectral bands in the visible/near infrared, 16 bands in the shortwave infrared, 16 bands in the mid-wave infrared, and nine bands in the thermal infrared regions of the spectrum. The instrument field-of-view is 86 degrees, with an IFOV of 2.5 mrad. The MAS collected calibrated multi-spectral imagery from the ER-2 aircraft during the TCSP experiment. The MAS was developed by NASA primarily to validate L1B and L2 science products from the EOS satellite program. MAS data enables (1) the mapping of sub-pixel variation within the co-incident footprints of many orbital instruments (e.g. MODIS, AIRS, HIRS, AVHRR, GOES) in the visible and thermal infrared spectral regions and (2) the estimation of surface, aerosol, and cloud properties at 50 meter spatial resolution. The TCSP mission collected data for research and documentation of cyclogenesis, the interaction of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and air pressure that creates ideal birthing conditions for tropical storms, hurricanes and related phenomena. The goal of this mission was to help us better understand how hurricanes and other tropical storms are formed and intensify.

The Enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (eMAS)instrument is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, under the oversight of the EOS Project Science Office at NASA Goddard. Prior to 1995, the MAS was deployed on the NASA's ER-2 and C-130 aircraft platforms using a 12-channel, 8-bit data system that somewhat constrained the full benefit of having a 50-channel scanning spectrometer. Beginning in January 1995, a 50-channel, 16-bit digitizer was used on the ER-2 platform, which greatly enhanced the capability of MAS to simulate MODIS data over a wide range of environmental conditions. Recently, it has undergone extensive upgrades to the optics and other components. New detectors have been installed and the spectral bands have been streamlined. The eMAS instrument is now a 38-channel instrument, sensing in the range from 0.445 to 13.844 um. For more information and for a list of MAS campaign flights visit ladsweb at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/mas/ or, visit the eMAS Homepage at: https://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/emas/

The Enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (eMAS)instrument is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, under the oversight of the EOS Project Science Office at NASA Goddard. The eMAS instrument is now a 38-channel instrument, sensing in the range from 0.445 to 13.844 um. The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) L2 Cloud Data product (eMASL2CLD) consists of cloud optical and physical parameters. These parameters are derived using remotely sensed infrared and near infrared solar reflected radiances. Multispectral images of the reflectance and brightness temperature at 10 wavelengths between 0.66 and 13.98nm were used to derive the probability of clear sky (or cloud), cloud thermodynamic phase, and the optical thickness and effective radius of liquid water and ice clouds. The eMASL2CLD product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS). All gridded cloud parameters are stored as Scientific Data Sets (SDS) within the file. For more information and for a list of MAS campaign flights visit ladsweb at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/mas/ or, visit the eMAS Homepage at: https://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/emas/

The Enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (eMAS)instrument is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, under the oversight of the EOS Project Science Office at NASA Goddard. The eMAS instrument is now a 38-channel instrument, sensing in the range from 0.445 to 13.844 um. The Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) L2 Aerosol Data product (eMASL2AER) consists of in-situ measurements of trace gas and aerosol emissions for wildfires and prescribed fires in great detail, relate them to fuel and fire conditions at the point of emission, characterize the conditions relating to plume rise, follow plumes downwind to understand chemical transformation and air quality impacts, and assess the efficacy of satellite detections for estimating the emissions from sampled fires. These measurements were collected onboard the DC-8 aircraft during FIREX-AQ, during summer 2019. The DC-8 aircraft had a comprehensive instrument payload capable of measuring over 200 trace gases as well as aerosol microphysical, optical, and chemical properties. The eMASL2AER product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS). All gridded cloud parameters are stored as Scientific Data Sets (SDS) within the file. For more information and for a list of MAS campaign flights visit ladsweb at: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/mas/ or, visit the eMAS Homepage at: https://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/emas/

The MODIS/Terra Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product (MODARNSS) consists of MODIS Atmosphere and Ancillary Products subsets that are generated over a number of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. These sites comprise of sites of automatic tracking Sun photometers/sky radiometers located all over the world. The process of generating cutouts involves locating and identifying a subset of sites taken from a global AERONET that are within the spatial coverage of a 5 minute Level 2 MODIS granule and extracting 0.5 x 0.5 degree cutouts. The MODARNSS data set consists of subsets for around 180 AERONET sites around the globe. There is one file per site with 55 Science Data Sets (SDS) such as at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete MODIS bands, Cloud Mask, and Water Vapor, etc.

The MODIS/Terra Raw Radiances in Counts 5-Min L1A Swath product (MOD01) containing reformatted and packaged raw instrument data. MODIS instrument data, in packetized form, is reversibly transformed to a computer data structure, along with formatted engineering and spacecraft ancillary data. The Level-1A data is separated into granules for passage to the geolocation and calibration processes. Quality indicators are added to the data to indicate missing pixels and instrument modes. This product contains MODIS digitized raw detector counts data for all 36 MODIS spectral bands, at 250 m, 500 m, or 1 km spatial resolutions including all time tags, all detector views (Earth, solar diffuser, Spectro-Radiometeric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), black body, and space view), and all engineering and ancillary data. Quality indicators are added to the data to indicate missing or bad pixels and instrument modes. Only bands 20 to 36 are used to collect measurements in night mode, while all bands are used in day mode. Visible, short-wave infrared (SWIR), and near infrared (NIR) measurements are made during daytime only, while radiances for thermal infrared (TIR) are measured during both day and night portions of the orbit. Data set information: MODIS Homepage https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/ and MODIS Characterization Support Team https://mcst.gsfc.nasa.gov/

The MODIS/Aqua Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product (MYDARNSS) consists of MODIS Atmosphere and Ancillary Products subsets that are generated over a number of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. These sites comprise of sites of automatic tracking Sun photometers/sky radiometers located all over the world. The process of generating cutouts involves locating and identifying a subset of sites taken from a global AERONET that are within the spatial coverage of a 5 minute Level 2 MODIS granule and extracting 0.5 x 0.5 degree cutouts. The MYDARNSS data set consists of subsets for around 180 AERONET sites around the globe. There is one file per site with 55 Science Data Sets (SDS) such as at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete MODIS bands, Cloud Mask, and Water Vapor, etc.

The MODIS/Terra Level 1B Subsampled Calibrated Radiances 5km (MOD02SSH) is a subsample from the MODIS Level 1B 1-km data. Every fifth pixel is taken from the MOD021KM product and written out to MOD02SSH. The subsampling starts at the third frame, and at the third line. Here, "frame" and "line" are naming conventions for pixels along and across the scan, respectively. Since MOD02SSH is a subsampled Level 1B , many things from the Level 1B documentation apply as well. That is, the MOD02SSH data product contains calibrated and geolocated at-aperture radiances for 36 bands generated from MODIS Level 1A scans of raw radiance (MOD01). The radiance units are in W/(m^2 um sr). Additional data are provided including quality flags, error estimates and calibration data. Visible, shortwave infrared (SWIR), and Near Infrared (NIR) measurements are made during daytime only, while radiances for Thermal Infrared (TIR) are measured continuously. As its parent, the MOD02SSH is in HDF-EOS format, and all metadata structures and names are preserved for better convenience. However, some relevant changes are made where appropriate (e.g., the dimension mappings are updated to reflect the new one-to-one correspondence between the data and geolocations). The latter is one of the most important differences: in the MOD02SSH, there is no offset between data and geolocation pixels. The spatial coverage is almost similar to that from MOD021KM (nominally it is 2330 by 2030 km, cross-track by along-track, respectively). The MOD02SSH is produced continuously, and thus the processing provides 2-day repeat observations of the Earth with a repeat orbit pattern every 16 days.