The NAMMA Lightning ZEUS data is provided by World-ZEUS Long Range Lightning Monitoring Network Data obtained from radio atmospheric signals located at thirteen ground stations spread across the European and African continents and Brazil from August 1, 2006 to October 1, 2006. Lightning activity occurring over a large part of the globe is continuously monitored at varying spatial accuracy (e.g. 10-20 km within and >50 km outside the network periphery) and high temporal (1 msec) resolution. Time is determined by the Arrival Time Difference between the time series from the pairs of the receivers. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets.

The NAMMA ATD Lightning data provided by the UK Meterological Office from multiple outstations contains lightning stroke data, latitude and longitude, accuracy and weighting for fading-in flashes of lightning for the African Coast during the NAMMA experiment. Time is determined by the Arrival Time Difference (ATD) of the reporting stations. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets.

The NAMMA ATD Lightning data provided by the UK Meterological Office from multiple outstations contains lightning stroke data, latitude and longitude, accuracy and weighting for fading-in flashes of lightning for the African Coast during the NAMMA experiment. Time is determined by the Arrival Time Difference (ATD) of the reporting stations. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets.

The TRMM-LBA Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) dataset consists of electrical field measurements of lightning from eight field mills, conductivity probe temperatures from two probes, and navigation data, for the period of January 22 through February 24, 1999. These data were collected by the LIP instrument flown aboard the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft over the Amazon River basin in Brazil during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM-LBA) field campaign. The LIP instrument was used to validate measurements by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). These data are provided in HDF-4 format with browse imagery available in GIF format.

The NAMMA Senegal Rain Gauge Network consisted of 40 rain gauge sites (AMMA 1-40) located in various places throughout Senegal, West Africa. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets. The Rain Gauge Network consisted of the large-scale rain gauge network. The rain gauges collected one-minute accumulation data. The location and photos of each site can be found in an accompanying PDF document: NAMMA_Raingauge_network.pdf.

The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Science Data was collected by the LIS instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning occurring in the Earth’s tropical and subtropical regions. This data can be used for severe storm detection and analysis, as well as for lightning-atmosphere interaction studies. The LIS instrument makes measurements during both day and night with high detection efficiency. These data are available in both HDF-4 and netCDF-4 formats, with corresponding browse images in GIF format.

The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Science Data was collected by the LIS instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning occurring in the Earth’s tropical and subtropical regions. This data can be used for severe storm detection and analysis, as well as for lightning-atmosphere interaction studies. The LIS instrument makes measurements during both day and night with high detection efficiency. These data are available in both HDF-4 and netCDF-4 formats, with corresponding browse images in GIF format.

The NAMMA Senegal Rain Gauge Network consisted of 40 rain gauge sites (AMMA 1-40) located in various places throughout Senegal, West Africa. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets. The Rain Gauge Network consisted of the large-scale rain gauge network. The rain gauges collected one-minute accumulation data. The location and photos of each site can be found in an accompanying PDF document: NAMMA_Raingauge_network.pdf.

The OLS Analog Derived Lightning dataset consists of global lightning signatures from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) that have been analyzed from filmstrip imagery. These signatures show up as horizontal streaks on the film images. The location of each of these streaks has been digitized in order to develop a preliminary database of global lightning activity. Monthly HDF data files are available for June and July 1973; Sept. - Dec. 1977; Jan. - Aug. 1978; Jan. - Dec. 1986; Jan. - Oct. 1987; Dec. 1988; Jan. - Dec. 1990; and Jan. - Dec. 1991.

This dataset describes observations made of lightning by sensors distributed in Ballarat. The information was collected in real time by the sensors. The intended use of the information is to inform the public of the historical measured observations of lightning in Ballarat. The dataset is typically updated every 15 minutes. Observations are made as per the ATMOS41 manual: The lightning sensor acts much like an AM radio. During a thunderstorm, the crack of the lightning disrupts the AM signal. The integrated circuit inside the sensor listens for this disturbance and registers the time of and distance (intensity of signal) to the strike. The sensor outputs the total number of strikes and average distance to these strikes in the measurement period. The City of Ballarat is not an official source of weather information. These observations are provided to the public for informative purposes only. Use other channels for official meteorological observations and forecasts.