Sediment hosted gold deposits in Nevada were first mined in the 1960s from open pit mines with large tonnage and low grade resources. Since that time, continuing exploration and discovery have identified extraordinary resources, and together these deposits now form the second-largest gold endowment on Earth, surpassed only by the Witwatersrand Gold Fields of South Africa. The data herein are part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project to develop an updated geospatial database of mines, mineral deposits and mineral regions in the United States. The point and polygon layers within this database represent locations of mines, mineral occurrences (which includes deposits and prospects), and mining districts in an approximately 200-square mile area northwest of Carlin, Nevada. Tables contain additional information such as commodity, geology, deposit types, activity status, deposit resources, and mine production. The extent of surface workings, when visible on imagery, is also captured and shows the relative size of mining operations. All data were compiled from publicly available sources published from 1910 - 2017. Where possible, data were compiled from primary source reports rather than from syntheses of past reports. Although the selected area does not include the entire Carlin Trend, the area, which covers nine 7.5-minute quadrangles, does contain a wide range of deposit types described through a variety of public data and information. These data are being compiled by the USGS Mineral Deposit Database project with support from the Bureau of Land Management.

This dataset includes locations and associated information about mines and mining activity in the contiguous United States. The database was developed by combining publicly available national datasets of mineral mines, uranium mines, and minor and major coal mine activities. This database was developed in 2013, but temporal range of mine data varied dependent on source. Uranium mine information came from the TENORM Uranium Location Database produced by the US Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 2003. Major and minor coal mine information was from the USTRAT (Stratigraphic data related to coal) database 2012, and the mineral mine data came from the USGS Mineral Resource Program.

This dataset includes locations and associated information about mines and mining activity in the contiguous United States. The database was developed by combining publicly available national datasets of mineral mines, uranium mines, and minor and major coal mine activities. This database was developed in 2013, but temporal range of mine data varied dependent on source. Uranium mine information came from the TENORM Uranium Location Database produced by the US Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 2003. Major and minor coal mine information was from the USTRAT (Stratigraphic data related to coal) database 2012, and the mineral mine data came from the USGS Mineral Resource Program.

These data are part of a larger USGS project to develop an updated geospatial database of mines, mineral deposits and mineral regions in the United States. Mine and prospect-related symbols, such as those used to represent prospect pits, mines, adits, dumps, tailings, etc., hereafter referred to as “mine” symbols or features, are currently being digitized on a state-by-state basis from the 7.5-minute (1:24, 000-scale) and the 15-minute (1:48, 000 and 1:62,500-scale) archive of the USGS Historical Topographic Maps Collection, or acquired from available databases (California and Nevada, 1:24,000-scale only). Compilation of these features is the first phase in capturing accurate locations and general information about features related to mineral resource exploration and extraction across the U.S. To date, the compilation of 400,000-plus point and polygon mine symbols from approximately 51,000 maps of 17 western states (AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY and western TX) has been completed. The process renders not only a more complete picture of exploration and mining in the western U.S., but an approximate time line of when these activities occurred. The data may be used for land use planning, assessing abandoned mine lands and mine-related environmental impacts, assessing the value of mineral resources from Federal, State and private lands, and mapping mineralized areas and systems for input into the land management process. The data are presented as three groups of layers based on the scale of the source maps. No reconciliation between the data groups was done.

Version 10.0 of these data are part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project to develop an updated geospatial database of mines, mineral deposits, and mineral regions in the United States. Mine and prospect-related symbols, such as those used to represent prospect pits, mines, adits, dumps, tailings, etc., hereafter referred to as “mine” symbols or features, have been digitized from the 7.5-minute (1:24,000, 1:25,000-scale; and 1:10,000, 1:20,000 and 1:30,000-scale in Puerto Rico only) and the 15-minute (1:48,000 and 1:62,500-scale; 1:63,360-scale in Alaska only) archive of the USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC), or acquired from available databases (California and Nevada, 1:24,000-scale only). Compilation of these features is the first phase in capturing accurate locations and general information about features related to mineral resource exploration and extraction across the U.S. The compilation of 725,690 point and polygon mine symbols from approximately 106,350 maps across 50 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (PR) and the District of Columbia (DC) has been completed: Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), Arizona (AZ), Arkansas (AR), California (CA), Colorado (CO), Connecticut (CT), Delaware (DE), Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), Hawaii (HI), Idaho (ID), Illinois (IL), Indiana (IN), Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), Kentucky (KY), Louisiana (LA), Maine (ME), Maryland (MD), Massachusetts (MA), Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), Mississippi (MS), Missouri (MO), Montana (MT), Nebraska (NE), Nevada (NV), New Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), New Mexico (NM), New York (NY), North Carolina (NC), North Dakota (ND), Ohio (OH), Oklahoma (OK), Oregon (OR), Pennsylvania (PA), Rhode Island (RI), South Carolina (SC), South Dakota (SD), Tennessee (TN), Texas (TX), Utah (UT), Vermont (VT), Virginia (VA), Washington (WA), West Virginia (WV), Wisconsin (WI), and Wyoming (WY). The process renders not only a more complete picture of exploration and mining in the U.S., but an approximate timeline of when these activities occurred. These data may be used for land use planning, assessing abandoned mine lands and mine-related environmental impacts, assessing the value of mineral resources from Federal, State and private lands, and mapping mineralized areas and systems for input into the land management process. These data are presented as three groups of layers based on the scale of the source maps. No reconciliation between the data groups was done.

This geodatabase contains geologic unit boundaries and asbestos site locations shown in "Carbon dioxide mineralization feasibility in the United States" (Blondes and others, 2019). Data was compiled from source material at a scale range of 1:100,000 to 1:5,000,000 and is not intended for any greater detail.

Porphyry copper deposits are the world's primary source of copper and can also host a variety of secondary commodities identified as critical by the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). These deposits occur primarily along convergent plate margins, and their metal association and geochemical characteristics are reflective of whether the deposit formed in continental/island arc, back-arc, or syn- to post-collisional environments (e.g., Hofstra and others, 2021). Based on this association, understanding the location, age, and endowment of global porphyry deposits can be leveraged to identify prospective regions for discovery of new porphyry deposits along these ancient margins. This data release is a compilation and update from previously published global and regional datasets of porphyry copper deposits and prospects. The data sheet includes deposit names and their location, age (if known, and including analytical method), deposit classification based on Hofstra and others (2021), interpreted tectonic origin, and grade-tonnage compiled from public databases where available. The final spreadsheet represents the most up-to-date published information of global porphyry copper deposits and prospects as of Spring 2024. References Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ ofr20211049. U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, 2022 Final List of Critical Minerals: Federal Register Document 2022-04027, p. 10381-10382. (available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/02/24/2022-04027/2022-final-list-of-critical-minerals).

During August of 2014, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) collected a total of 187 surficial sediment and bedrock samples from abandoned mine wastepiles, ephemeral channels below wastepiles, nearby outcrops, and background areas representative of the undisturbed lithology within Emery County, UT. The samples were clustered into four different groups: Buckmaster Draw (BM), Dry Mesa (DM), Cow Flats (CF), and Cedar (C). These samples were sieved to obtain a less than 177 micron fraction, which was homogenized and subjected to a four acid digestion prior to analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) methods. (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn).

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides the descriptions of the only U.S. sites-including mining districts, mineral occurrences, and mine features-that have reported production and (or) resources of indium (In). This dataset contains the Bingham and West Desert deposits in Utah, and the Chino site in New Mexico. Indium is considered a critical and strategic mineral because of its use in the aerospace, defense, energy, and telecommunications sectors. The primary applications are flat-panel displays, and specialty alloys (Fortier and others, 2018). In 2021, the U.S. was 100 percent net import reliant on indium from China, Canada, Republic of Korea, and France (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). Indium is most commonly recovered from sphalerite, a zinc-sulfide mineral, wherein the indium occurs in quantities of less than 1 part per million (ppm) to 100 ppm (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). In the U.S., indium is found in porphyry and skarn deposits. The West Desert deposit in Utah is the only deposit in the U.S. with a modern National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) compliant resource estimate of indium (Dyer and others, 2014). The entries and descriptions in the database were derived from published papers, reports, data, and internet documents representing a variety of sources, including geologic and exploration studies described in State, Federal, and industry reports. Resources extracted from older sources might not be compliant with current rules and guidelines in minerals industry standards such as NI 43-101. The presence of an indium mineral deposit in this database is not meant to imply that the deposit is currently economic. Rather, these deposits were included to capture the characteristics of the largest indium deposits in the United States. Inclusion of material in the database is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors welcome additional published information in order to continually update and refine this dataset. Dyer, T.L., Tietz, P.G., and Austin, J.B., 2014, Technical report on the West Desert zinc-copper-indium-magnetite project, preliminary economic assessment, Juab County, Utah, prepared for InZinc Mining Ltd. [Filing date March 17, 2014]: Mine Development Associates, 188 p., accessed March 10, 2020, at http://www.sedar.com. Fortier, S.M., Nassar, N.T., Lederer, G.W., Brainard, J., Gambogi, J., and McCullough, E.A., 2018, Draft critical mineral list-Summary of methodology and background information-U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1021, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181021. U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, Mineral commodity summaries 2022: U.S. Geological Survey, 202 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2022.

Mineral tenure layer with the boundaries of current mineral claims and mining leases.