This dataset contains shipboard conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The shipboard CTD rosette is cast from the R/V Oceanus where it records ocean temperature, conductivity, and pressure as it descends to depth and then returns to the surface. IOP1 and IOP2 measurements also contain biological data. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains shipboard Underway conductivity, temperature, and depth (UCDT) measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Underway CTD system contains a standard UCDT probe measuring conductivity, temperature, and pressure, as well as an augmented EcoCDT probe that concurrently measures both hydrographic and bio-optical data including conductivity, temperature, pressure, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-fluorescence, and particulate backscatter at two different wavelengths. The level 2 data herein combines measurements from both the UCDT and EcoCDT into a single dataset, where for each variable, all profiles are binned onto a 5m vertical grid and merged into a 2-D matrix. Additional computed variables include backscatter baseline signal and backscatter spike signal. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains shipboard Underway conductivity, temperature, and depth (UCDT) measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) pilot campaign conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco over two weeks in October 2021. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Underway CTD system contains a standard UCDT probe measuring conductivity, temperature, and pressure, as well as an augmented EcoCDT probe that concurrently measures both hydrographic and bio-optical data including conductivity, temperature, pressure, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-fluorescence, and particulate backscatter at two different wavelengths. Level 3 data are available in netCDF format with dimensions of profile number and depth.

This dataset contains Saildrone in-situ measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and an intensive operating period (IOP) in Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples originally measured at 1 Hz frequency are averaged into 5 minute bins, along with navigation data. Non-ADCP data from IOP1 contain additional bio-optical measurements. All data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and other observations collected by Seagliders during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Seagliders are autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) designed to glide from the ocean surface to as deep as 1000 m and back whilecollecting profiles of oceanic variables. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains atmospheric sounding measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Sounding profiles were collected using shipboard Windsond S1H3-S radiosondes launched from the R/V Oceanus cruise OC2108A, to a maximum elevation of at least 5 km above ground level (ABL). These measurements are used to understand the vertical structure of atmospheric temperature, winds, and moisture. The original 1Hz observations were gridded onto a uniform 20 m vertical grid. The data are available in netCDF format with dimensions of altitude and profile number.

This dataset contains in-situ measurements of temperature, salinity, and velocity from the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during an intensive observation period in the fall of 2022. The data are available in netCDF format with a dimension of time. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The target in-situ quantities were measured by Lagrangian floats, which were deployed from research vessels and retrieved 3-5 days later. The floats follow the 3D motion of water parcels at depths within or just below the mixed layer and carried a CTD instrument to measure temperature, salinity, and pressure, in addition to an ADCP instrument to measure velocity.

TL2H2ON_8 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Water Vapor Nadir Version 8 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contains retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consists of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object wa bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied.To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivity, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.

This dataset contains shipboard thermosalinograph (TSG), meteorology, and bio-optics measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The TSG instrument measures the temperature and conductivity of seawater passing through a port in the hull of the ship. TSG data is calibrated using water samples compared to standard seawater and a laboratory salinometer onboard the ship. This dataset also contains chlorophyll and meteorology measurements including air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and radiative fluxes. Data are available in netCDF format, with separate dimensions for time, time of bio-optics measurements, and time of radiometer measurements.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument on the Global Change Observation Mission - Water 1 (GCOM-W1) provides global passive microwave measurements of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric parameters for the investigation of global water and energy cycles. Near real-time (NRT) products are generated within 3 hours of the last observations in the file, by the Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) at the AMSR Science Investigator-led Processing System (AMSR SIPS), which is collocated with the Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC) DAAC. The GCOM-W1 NRT AMSR2 Unified L2B Global Swath Ocean Products is a swath product containing global sea surface temperature over ocean, wind speed over ocean, water vapor over ocean and cloud liquid water over ocean, using resampled NRT Level-1R data provided by JAXA. This is the same algorithm that generates the corresponding standard science products in the AMSR SIPS. The NRT products are generated in HDF-EOS-5 augmented with netCDF-4/CF metadata and are available via HTTPS from the EOSDIS LANCE system at https://lance.nsstc.nasa.gov/amsr2-science/data/level2/ocean/. If data latency is not a primary concern, please consider using science quality products. Science products are created using the best available ancillary, calibration and ephemeris information. Science quality products are an internally consistent, well-calibrated record of the Earth's geophysical properties to support science. The AMSR SIPS produces AMSR2 standard science quality data products, and they are available at the NSIDC DAAC.