This dataset contains Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) nitrate measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) pilot campaign conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco over two weeks in October 2021. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. SUNA is a standalone optical nitrate sensor that mounts onto the shipboard CTD rosette cast from the R/V Oceanus. The SUNA measurements are calibrated against bottle nutrient samples taken from the underway flow-through system on the ship and later analyzed with a Lachat Nutrient Analyzer. From the Lachat data, the average concentration of nitrate+nitrite are used for each sample. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains in-situ seawater samples taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Water samples collected in Niskin bottles mounted on the ship’s rosette sampler were taken of chlorophyll (µg/L), phaeopigments (µg/L), and nutrient concentrations (µM or µmol/L) of particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate. Samples analyzed with fluorometry contain chlorophyll concentrations in µg/L and phaeopigment concentrations in µg/L. Samples analyzed with elemental analysis contain POC molarity in µM and PON molarity in µM. Samples analyzed via ion analysis contain silicate concentrations in µM, total nitrate+nitrite in µM, phosphate in µM, nitrite in µM, and nitrate in µM. These data are mainly used by S-MODE for validating the PRISM-derived products and calibrating the in-situ sensors on the autonomous platforms. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and other observations collected by Seagliders during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Seagliders are autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) designed to glide from the ocean surface to as deep as 1000 m and back while collecting profiles of oceanic variables. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains Saildrone in-situ measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and an intensive operating period (IOP) in Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples originally measured at 1 Hz frequency are averaged into 5 minute bins, along with navigation data. Non-ADCP data from IOP1 contain additional bio-optical measurements. All data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains estimated chlorophyll-a and particulate organic carbon concentration data from the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) during the IOP1 campaign conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) is an airborne instrument package that is mounted on the GIII aircraft which flies long duration detailed surveys of the field domain during deployments. PRISM contains a pushbroom imaging spectrometer operating at near-UV to near-IR wavelengths (350-1050 nm), which produced high temporal resolution and resolve spatial features as small as 30 cm. PRISM also has a two-channel spot radiometer at short-wave infrared (SWIR) band (1240 nm and 1640 nm), that is co-aligned with the spectrometer and is used to provide accurate atmospheric correction of the ocean color measurements. Level 2 chlorophyll-a data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and other observations collected by Seagliders during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Seagliders are autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) designed to glide from the ocean surface to as deep as 1000 m and back while collecting profiles of oceanic variables. Data are available in netCDF format.

This dataset contains shipboard Underway conductivity, temperature, and depth (UCDT) measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) pilot campaign conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco over two weeks in October 2021. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Underway CTD system contains a standard UCDT probe measuring conductivity, temperature, and pressure, as well as an augmented EcoCDT probe that concurrently measures both hydrographic and bio-optical data including conductivity, temperature, pressure, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-fluorescence, and particulate backscatter at two different wavelengths. Level 3 data are available in netCDF format with dimensions of profile number and depth.

This dataset contains orthocorrected and atmospherically corrected water-leaving reflectance data from the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) during the IOP1 campaign conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) is an airborne instrument package that is mounted on the GIII aircraft which flies long duration detailed surveys of the field domain during deployments. PRISM contains a pushbroom imaging spectrometer operating at near-UV to near-IR wavelengths (350-1050 nm), which produced high temporal resolution and resolve spatial features as small as 30 cm. PRISM also has a two-channel spot radiometer at short-wave infrared (SWIR) band (1240 nm and 1640 nm), that is co-aligned with the spectrometer and is used to provide accurate atmospheric correction of the ocean color measurements. Level 2a reflectance data is available in ENVI format.

This dataset contains in-situ measurements of temperature, salinity, and velocity from the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during an intensive observation period in the fall of 2022. The data are available in netCDF format with a dimension of time. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The target in-situ quantities were measured by Lagrangian floats, which were deployed from research vessels and retrieved 3-5 days later. The floats follow the 3D motion of water parcels at depths within or just below the mixed layer and carried a CTD instrument to measure temperature, salinity, and pressure, in addition to an ADCP instrument to measure velocity.

This dataset contains shipboard Underway conductivity, temperature, and depth (UCDT) measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) field campaign. The experiment was conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco, during a pilot campaign that spanned two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. The Underway CTD system contains a standard UCDT probe measuring conductivity, temperature, and pressure, as well as an augmented EcoCDT probe that concurrently measures both hydrographic and bio-optical data including conductivity, temperature, pressure, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-fluorescence, and particulate backscatter at two different wavelengths. The level 2 data herein combines measurements from both the UCDT and EcoCDT into a single dataset, where for each variable, all profiles are binned onto a 5m vertical grid and merged into a 2-D matrix. Additional computed variables include backscatter baseline signal and backscatter spike signal. Data are available in netCDF format.