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Seismic Creep, USA Images
Seismic creep is the constant or periodic movement on a fault as contrasted with the sudden rupture associated with an earthquake. It is a usually slow deformation of rock resulting from constant stress being applied over a period of time. Sometimes aseismic slip is observed at the ground surface along a ruptured fault that has produced a substantial earthquake. Examples are from the Hollister and Hayward, California, region. Several of the slides are split images of a location, comparing fault movement over the years.
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April 1984 Morgan Hill, USA Images
공공데이터포털
This magnitude 6.2 earthquake caused $30 million in property damage in northern California. The epicenter of the quake was located near Mount Hamilton in the Diablo Range of the California Coast Ranges. The earthquake was felt over an area of 120,000 square kilometers in California and western Nevada.
July 1952 Kern County, USA Images
공공데이터포털
South of Bakersfield. Affected area: 414,000 square kilometers. Damage: $50 million. This was the main shock of the series of earthquakes that struck this area. It was the largest earthquake in the United States since 1906. Several hundred people were injured. Nine of the deaths resulted from the collapse of a brick wall in Tehachapi.
Faults Images
공공데이터포털
Through the study of faults and their effects, much can be learned about the size and recurrence intervals of earthquakes. Faults also teach us about crustal movements that have produced mountains and changed continents. Initially a section of Earth's crust may merely bend under pressure to a new position. Or slow movement known as seismic creep may continue unhindered along a fault plane. However stresses often continue to build until they exceed the strength of the rock in that section of crust. The rock then breaks, and an earthquake occurs, sometimes releasing massive amounts of energy. The ensuing earth displacement is known as a fault. This slide set describes the mechanism and types of faulting. It illustrates a variety of fault expressions in natural and manmade features.
May 1983 Coalinga, USA Images
공공데이터포털
Location: Central California, 20.8 kilometers from Coalinga. Affected area: 205,000 square kilometers. Damage: $31 million. The most serious damage occurred in the eight-block downtown commercial district, but residents were also heavily damaged. More then 800 single-family houses were destroyed or incurred major damage. The majority of the 94 injuries occurred in residential sections of the city.
April 1981 Westmorland, Calipatria, USA Images
공공데이터포털
Magnitude 6.3. Damage $1-$3 million. Subsidence was reported on several rural roads in the area. Liquefaction caused scores of mudpots, and oozing soil in nearby fields. One country road west of Westmorland collapsed, producing a 2-foot drop-off. In rural areas, unreinforced, concrete-lined irrigation canals were broken.
October 1987 Whittier, USA Images
공공데이터포털
Epicenter: 34.0 degrees N, 118.1 degrees W. Magnitude: 5.9. Damage: $358 million. Eight deaths. The fault which ruptured was located about 11 kilometers below the surface, and 20 kilometers east of downtown Los Angeles. The fault was an extension of the previously identified Whittier Fault. Severe damage was confined mainly to communities of Los Angeles and near the epicenter.
September 1886 Charleston, USA Images
공공데이터포털
Generally referred to as August 31, 1886, as the earthquake occurred at 9:51 pm local time. Eight minutes later there was a severe aftershock. This was the most damaging earthquake to occur in the southeastern U.S. and one of the largest historic shocks in eastern North America. Structural damage was reported within several hundred kilometers from Charleston, and long-period effects were observed at distances exceeding 1,000 kilometers.
March 1933 Long Beach, USA Images
공공데이터포털
5 kilometers southwest of Newport Beach. Seriously affected area: 1,200 square kilometers. Damage: $40 million. Schools were among the buildings most severely damaged because they were not designed to resist shaking. In addition to the damage to the schools at Long Beach, the schools at Buena Park were badly damaged. There was also considerable damage to schools at Lomita, and two schools were damaged at Redondo Beach. Great loss of life would have occurred if the shock had taken place during school hours. Unlike the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the loss due to fire in the 1933 earthquake was almost negligible.
April 1965 Seattle, USA Images
공공데이터포털
The magnitude 6.5 earthquake killed 7 and caused 12.5 million in property damage.
October 1935 Helena, USA Images
공공데이터포털
Location: almost directly beneath Helena. Affected area: 363,000 square kilometers. Damage: $4 million. A series of earthquakes beginning on October 3, 1935, shook the area. The strongest of the shocks was on October 18. Several shocks of lesser intensity were followed by a second strong earthquake on October 31 that destroyed many buildings that had been previously damaged. The shocks continued with additional strong shocks on November 21 and November 28.
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