The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. The surface geophysical data, well installation data, and depth of refusal data were all used to develop the hydrogeologic framework for the site. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. An electrical conductivity log and a core sample were collected at each groundwater monitoring well installation location to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones. The depth of refusal data from the installed groundwater monitoring wells were combined with historical depth of refusal data to evaluate the depth to bedrock.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site by the U.S. Geological Survey in October 2022, to collect groundwater-level altitude measurements and groundwater-quality samples within the alluvial aquifer, thus supplementing the existing data from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers at the site. An electrical conductivity log and a soil core were collected at each location where a groundwater monitoring well was installed to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. The depth of refusal data from the installed groundwater monitoring wells were combined with historical depth of refusal data to evaluate the depth to bedrock.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In October—November 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, collected groundwater samples from 33 wells at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in Bristow, Oklahoma to characterize the geochemistry and assess the microbial communities in groundwater at this site. This dataset includes field properties (dissolved oxygen concentration [DO], oxidation-reduction potential, pH, specific conductance, groundwater temperature, and turbidity). Laboratory analyses consisted of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, trace elements, natural attenuation geochemical indicators, and microbial community relative abundance. Laboratory analyses included environmental samples and quality-assurance and quality-control samples.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. New groundwater monitoring wells were installed in 2022 and screened in the alluvial aquifer. A total of 20 new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site to collect data used to supplement groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-quality data collected from older, existing groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers as part of study to assess the migration potential of contaminants at the site.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In November and December 2022, following groundwater monitoring well development and groundwater-quality sampling, slug tests were completed on each of the groundwater monitoring wells installed in 2022 to (1) determine if the wells were in good hydraulic connection with the aquifer and (2) estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer at each well. This dataset includes the pressure transducer data from the slug tests and the hydraulic conductivity values estimated by using the Bouwer-Rice method of analysis.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses.

Shallow soil characteristics were mapped near Shellmound, Mississippi, using the DualEM 421 electromagnetic sensor in October 2018. Data were acquired by towing the DualEM sensor on a wheeled cart behind an ATV, with the sensor at a height of 0.432 meters (m) above the ground surface. Approximately 175 line-kilometers of data were acquired over an area of nearly four square kilometers, with 25 m separation between survey lines. Data were manually edited for noise sources such as powerlines or other buried structures, and averaged to regular output soundings every 5 m along survey lines. This data release contains the processed data that have been averaged and culled to produce final resistivity models. Digital data of the processed soundings are provided and fields are defined in the data dictionary.

The Ozark Plateau aquifer system stretches across approximately 70,000 square miles (mi2) of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, and is composed of many hydrogeologic units, such as the Boone aquifer and the Roubidoux aquifer. However, this data release is focused on only 11,000 mi2 in northern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. The Boone aquifer covers approximately 10,700 mi2 of this area, and the Roubidoux aquifer covers the 11,000 mi2 area entirely. These aquifers are mostly made of Mississippian-aged and Ordovician-aged carbonate rock, and serve as the main sources of fresh groundwater in northeastern Oklahoma (Imes and Emmett, 1994). In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) began a hydrologic investigation to support a determination of maximum annual yields for the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers. This data release provides components of the hydrogeologic framework for that hydrologic investigation. To further characterize the hydrogeologic framework of the aquifers, contours and digital elevation models (DEMs) were created and modified on the following hydrogeologic units (listed from youngest to oldest): the Western Interior Plains confining unit, the Boone aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, and the Roubidoux aquifer. These contours and DEMs represent the altitudes of the bases of each hydrogeologic unit in feet. The hydrogeologic-unit names in this data release are consistent with those used in Oklahoma (Osborn, 2001; Czarnecki and others, 2009) and may differ from those used in regional reports describing the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (Imes and Emmett, 1994; Westerman and others, 2016).

The Ozark Plateau aquifer system stretches across approximately 70,000 square miles (mi2) of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, and is composed of many hydrogeologic units, such as the Boone aquifer and the Roubidoux aquifer. However, this data release is focused on only 11,000 mi2 in northern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. The Boone aquifer covers approximately 10,700 mi2 of this area, and the Roubidoux aquifer covers the 11,000 mi2 area entirely. These aquifers are mostly made of Mississippian-aged and Ordovician-aged carbonate rock, and serve as the main sources of fresh groundwater in northeastern Oklahoma (Imes and Emmett, 1994). In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) began a hydrologic investigation to support a determination of maximum annual yields for the Boone and Roubidoux aquifers. This data release provides components of the hydrogeologic framework for that hydrologic investigation. To further characterize the hydrogeologic framework of the aquifers, contours and digital elevation models (DEMs) were created and modified on the following hydrogeologic units (listed from youngest to oldest): the Western Interior Plains confining unit, the Boone aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, and the Roubidoux aquifer. These contours and DEMs represent the altitudes of the bases of each hydrogeologic unit in feet. The hydrogeologic-unit names in this data release are consistent with those used in Oklahoma (Osborn, 2001; Czarnecki and others, 2009) and may differ from those used in regional reports describing the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system (Imes and Emmett, 1994; Westerman and others, 2016).