The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. New groundwater monitoring wells were installed in 2022 and screened in the alluvial aquifer. A total of 20 new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site to collect data used to supplement groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-quality data collected from older, existing groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers as part of study to assess the migration potential of contaminants at the site.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). This dataset includes the raw data files; the inverse modeling input, output, and parameter files; and the final processed results.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In November and December 2022, following groundwater monitoring well development and groundwater-quality sampling, slug tests were completed on each of the groundwater monitoring wells installed in 2022 to (1) determine if the wells were in good hydraulic connection with the aquifer and (2) estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer at each well. This dataset includes the pressure transducer data from the slug tests and the hydraulic conductivity values estimated by using the Bouwer-Rice method of analysis.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site by the U.S. Geological Survey in October 2022, to collect groundwater-level altitude measurements and groundwater-quality samples within the alluvial aquifer, thus supplementing the existing data from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers at the site. An electrical conductivity log and a soil core were collected at each location where a groundwater monitoring well was installed to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In October—November 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, collected groundwater samples from 33 wells at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in Bristow, Oklahoma to characterize the geochemistry and assess the microbial communities in groundwater at this site. This dataset includes field properties (dissolved oxygen concentration [DO], oxidation-reduction potential, pH, specific conductance, groundwater temperature, and turbidity). Laboratory analyses consisted of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, trace elements, natural attenuation geochemical indicators, and microbial community relative abundance. Laboratory analyses included environmental samples and quality-assurance and quality-control samples.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. The surface geophysical data, well installation data, and depth of refusal data were all used to develop the hydrogeologic framework for the site. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. An electrical conductivity log and a core sample were collected at each groundwater monitoring well installation location to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones. The depth of refusal data from the installed groundwater monitoring wells were combined with historical depth of refusal data to evaluate the depth to bedrock.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. An electrical conductivity log and a core sample were collected at each groundwater monitoring well installation location to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones. This dataset includes the combined resistivity values of the surface geophysical data and the electrical conductivity logs and grid results.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark Natural Resources District (NRD), Lower Elkhorn NRD, Lower Loup NRD, Lower Platte North NRD, Lower Niobrara NRD, Middle Niobrara NRD, Upper Elkhorn NRD, and Upper Loup NRD, have agreed to cooperatively study water resources from prior to the beginning of irrigation development to 2005 in the Elkhorn-Loup Model (ELM) area using a ground-water-flow model. The ELM area covers approximately 30,800 square miles, and extends from the Niobrara River in the north to the Platte River in the south. The western boundary of the ELM area coincides with the western boundary of the Middle Niobrara, Twin Platte, and Upper Loup NRDs; the eastern boundary coincides with the approximate location of the westernmost extent of glacial till in eastern Nebraska. The initial ground-water-flow model was constructed with a single layer vertically to represent the aquifers of the Tertiary-age Ogallala Group and Quaternary-age alluvial deposits, with a uniform node spacing of 2 miles. The model will be calibrated to measured ground-water levels and estimated ground-water discharge to streams for the pre-ground-water development period (approximately 1940) and the simulation of the 1940-2005 period will be calibrated to measure ground-water level changes. The study results will assist Nebraska Department of Natural Resources and the NRDs in the ELM area to develop long-term strategies for managing hydrologically connected waters. This dataset is one of three geospatial datasets that together revise previously published maps of the configuration of the base of the principal aquifer and of the geologic units that form the base of the principal aquifer in the study area; the revisions to the base-of-aquifer altitude are based on currently available or reinterpreted geologic logs of test holes and selected registered wells. The principal aquifer is the High Plains aquifer except in the northeast part of the model area, where the principal aquifer is an unnamed alluvial aquifer. This dataset identifies and delimits approximately the extent of the geologic units forming the base of the principal aquifer and the areas where the base of principal aquifer surface is not well defined. Ambiguity in the calculated base of aquifer existed wherever this calculated base-of-aquifer altitude was above the mapped land surface. The calculated base of aquifer was above the mapped land surface either because of inaccuracy in the mapped land surface or base of aquifer calculation or because the principal aquifer was thin or not present.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark Natural Resources District (NRD), Lower Elkhorn NRD, Lower Loup NRD, Lower Platte North NRD, Lower Niobrara NRD, Middle Niobrara NRD, Upper Elkhorn NRD, and Upper Loup NRD, have agreed to cooperatively study water resources from prior to the beginning of irrigation development to 2005 in the Elkhorn-Loup Model (ELM) area using a ground-water-flow model. The ELM area covers approximately 30,800 square miles, and extends from the Niobrara River in the north to the Platte River in the south. The western boundary of the ELM area coincides with the western boundary of the Middle Niobrara, Twin Platte, and Upper Loup NRDs; the eastern boundary coincides with the approximate location of the westernmost extent of glacial till in eastern Nebraska. The initial ground-water-flow model was constructed with a single layer vertically to represent the aquifers of the Tertiary-age Ogallala Group and Quaternary-age alluvial deposits, with a uniform node spacing of 2 miles. The model will be calibrated to measured ground-water levels and estimated ground-water discharge to streams for the pre-ground-water development period (approximately 1940) and the simulation of the 1940-2005 period will be calibrated to measure ground-water level changes. The study results will assist Nebraska Department of Natural Resources and the NRDs in the ELM area to develop long-term strategies for managing hydrologically connected waters. This dataset is one of three geospatial datasets that together revise previously published maps of the configuration of the base of the principal aquifer and of the geologic units that form the base of the principal aquifer in the study area; the revisions to the base-of-aquifer altitude are based on currently available or reinterpreted geologic logs of test holes and selected registered wells. The principal aquifer is the High Plains aquifer except in the northeast part of the model area, where the principal aquifer is an unnamed alluvial aquifer. This dataset identifies and delimits approximately the extent of the geologic units forming the base of the principal aquifer and the areas where the base of principal aquifer surface is not well defined. Ambiguity in the calculated base of aquifer existed wherever this calculated base-of-aquifer altitude was above the mapped land surface. The calculated base of aquifer was above the mapped land surface either because of inaccuracy in the mapped land surface or base of aquifer calculation or because the principal aquifer was thin or not present.

This raster data set represents the saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer of the United States, 2009, in feet. The High Plains aquifer underlies approximately 112.6 million acres (176,000 square miles) in parts of eight States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The aquifer's saturated thickness ranges from near zero to about 1,200 feet (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981). Water-level declines occurred in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the onset of substantial irrigation with groundwater (about 1950) (Luckey and others, 1981). This data set was generated in ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3, which is a geographic information system (GIS), using an aquifer base raster data set, saturated-thickness data from wells measured in 2009 and from some additional wells in New Mexico, which were measured in 2005 through 2008, and a published map of the aquifer's saturated thickness in 1980 (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981). For this data set, (1) areas that Gutentag and others (1984) delineated as areas of "little or no saturated thickness" and (2) areas, generally near the aquifer boundary, with interpolated saturated thickness less than zero were set to a saturated thickness of 10 feet. REFERENCES CITED -- Gutentag, E.D., Heimes, F.J., Krothe, N.C., Luckey, R.R., and Weeks, J.B., 1984, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-B, 63 p. Luckey, R.R., Gutentag, E.D., and Weeks, J.B., 1981, Water-level and saturated-thickness changes, predevelopment to 1980, in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-652, 2 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000. Weeks, J.B., and Gutentag, E.D., 1981, Bedrock geology, altitude of base, and 1980 saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-648, 2 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000.