The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). This dataset includes the raw data files; the inverse modeling input, output, and parameter files; and the final processed results.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. The surface geophysical data, well installation data, and depth of refusal data were all used to develop the hydrogeologic framework for the site. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. An electrical conductivity log and a core sample were collected at each groundwater monitoring well installation location to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones. The depth of refusal data from the installed groundwater monitoring wells were combined with historical depth of refusal data to evaluate the depth to bedrock.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the site by the U.S. Geological Survey in October 2022, to collect groundwater-level altitude measurements and groundwater-quality samples within the alluvial aquifer, thus supplementing the existing data from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers at the site. An electrical conductivity log and a soil core were collected at each location where a groundwater monitoring well was installed to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. The depth of refusal data from the installed groundwater monitoring wells were combined with historical depth of refusal data to evaluate the depth to bedrock.

The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In October—November 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, collected groundwater samples from 33 wells at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in Bristow, Oklahoma to characterize the geochemistry and assess the microbial communities in groundwater at this site. This dataset includes field properties (dissolved oxygen concentration [DO], oxidation-reduction potential, pH, specific conductance, groundwater temperature, and turbidity). Laboratory analyses consisted of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, trace elements, natural attenuation geochemical indicators, and microbial community relative abundance. Laboratory analyses included environmental samples and quality-assurance and quality-control samples.

This data release includes raw and processed (inverted) data for three different geophysical methods, continuous resistivity profiles (CRP), direct current electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and frequency domain electromagnetic induction (FDEM) data. These surface geophysical methods were used as a proxy for groundwater salinity in the Paradox Valley in western Colorado to investigate temporal and spatial variations in the position of brine-rich groundwater under the Dolores River. Continuous resistivity profile surveys along a 8-10 km reach of the Dolores River were conducted on March 7, May 16, and September 13 of 2017. The ERT surveys were conducted along 3 lines crossing the river and 1 line parallel to it during March 6-10, 2017. The FDEM surveys were conducted along the same paths as the CRP and ERT surveys. Some additional land-based FDEM surveys were conducted using an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Below is a brief description of each attached file in the data release: 1. The file 'CRP_data.csv' includes raw data for all 4 of the CRP surveys of the river including one in March, two in May, and one in September. The columns titled 'date' and 'time' in the file differentiate data from the 4 surveys. 2. The file 'ERT_data.csv' includes data for all the ERT surveys, 3 crossing the river and 1 parallel to it. The columns titled 'Survey Description', 'survey geometry', and 'electrode spacing' can be used to differentiate data for the individual surveys. 3. The file ‘ERT_electrode_positions.csv’ includes the coordinates for the 56 electrodes in each ERT survey. 4. The file ‘FDEM_data.csv' includes GEM-2 data from the river and ATV land-based surveys. The columns titled 'Description', 'Land or Water', 'Mode', 'Date', and 'Run' can be used to differentiate data for the individual surveys. 5. The file 'QW_data.csv' includes GPS coordinates and water depth, temperature, and specific conductance for the CRP river surveys. The column titled 'DateTime' differentiates data for the March, May, and September surveys. 6. The image 'River_surveys.jpeg' shows the approximate path of each river-based CRP and FDEM survey and apparent conductivity based on 1530 Hz FDEM data. 7. The image 'ERT_survey_location_map.jpg' shows the approximate path of each ERT survey. 8. The image 'FDEM_ATV_surveys.jpg' shows the path of the ATV surveys and apparent conductivity based on 1530 Hz FDEM data collected in May 2017. 9. The file 'PVU_RiverCRP_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the CRP inversion results from the four different river surveys (March, May first run, May 2nd run, and September). 10. The file 'PVU_ERT_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the inversion results from the March 2017 ERT surveys. 11. The file 'PVU_RiverFDEM_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the FDEM inversion results from the four different river surveys (March, May first run, May 2nd run, and September). 12. The file 'PVU_FDEM_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains inversion results from all of the March 2017 FDEM surveys (including walking, river, and ATV).

This data release includes raw and processed (inverted) data for three different geophysical methods, continuous resistivity profiles (CRP), direct current electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and frequency domain electromagnetic induction (FDEM) data. These surface geophysical methods were used as a proxy for groundwater salinity in the Paradox Valley in western Colorado to investigate temporal and spatial variations in the position of brine-rich groundwater under the Dolores River. Continuous resistivity profile surveys along a 8-10 km reach of the Dolores River were conducted on March 7, May 16, and September 13 of 2017. The ERT surveys were conducted along 3 lines crossing the river and 1 line parallel to it during March 6-10, 2017. The FDEM surveys were conducted along the same paths as the CRP and ERT surveys. Some additional land-based FDEM surveys were conducted using an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Below is a brief description of each attached file in the data release: 1. The file 'CRP_data.csv' includes raw data for all 4 of the CRP surveys of the river including one in March, two in May, and one in September. The columns titled 'date' and 'time' in the file differentiate data from the 4 surveys. 2. The file 'ERT_data.csv' includes data for all the ERT surveys, 3 crossing the river and 1 parallel to it. The columns titled 'Survey Description', 'survey geometry', and 'electrode spacing' can be used to differentiate data for the individual surveys. 3. The file ‘ERT_electrode_positions.csv’ includes the coordinates for the 56 electrodes in each ERT survey. 4. The file ‘FDEM_data.csv' includes GEM-2 data from the river and ATV land-based surveys. The columns titled 'Description', 'Land or Water', 'Mode', 'Date', and 'Run' can be used to differentiate data for the individual surveys. 5. The file 'QW_data.csv' includes GPS coordinates and water depth, temperature, and specific conductance for the CRP river surveys. The column titled 'DateTime' differentiates data for the March, May, and September surveys. 6. The image 'River_surveys.jpeg' shows the approximate path of each river-based CRP and FDEM survey and apparent conductivity based on 1530 Hz FDEM data. 7. The image 'ERT_survey_location_map.jpg' shows the approximate path of each ERT survey. 8. The image 'FDEM_ATV_surveys.jpg' shows the path of the ATV surveys and apparent conductivity based on 1530 Hz FDEM data collected in May 2017. 9. The file 'PVU_RiverCRP_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the CRP inversion results from the four different river surveys (March, May first run, May 2nd run, and September). 10. The file 'PVU_ERT_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the inversion results from the March 2017 ERT surveys. 11. The file 'PVU_RiverFDEM_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains the FDEM inversion results from the four different river surveys (March, May first run, May 2nd run, and September). 12. The file 'PVU_FDEM_inverted_conductivity.csv' contains inversion results from all of the March 2017 FDEM surveys (including walking, river, and ATV).

Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), magnetic, and gravity surveys were conducted in July 2017 in the greater East River Watershed near Crested Butte Colorado with a focused effort in Redwell Basin as part of a broader study of the role of bedrock groundwater in the hydrogeology of mineralized mountain watersheds. Five electrical resistivity tomography profiles were acquired within Redwell Basin and Brush Creek to map geologic structure at depths up to 40 meters, depending on the subsurface resistivity, using the Advanced Geosciences, Inc. SuperSting R8 resistivity meter. This data release includes the raw and processed resistivity data as well as inverted resistivity models. All are provided as digital data, and data fields for each file type are defined in the respective data dictionary.

Surface electrical resistivity tomography, magnetic, and gravity surveys were conducted in July 2017 in the greater East River Watershed near Crested Butte Colorado with a focused effort in Redwell Basin as part of a broader study of the role of bedrock groundwater in the hydrogeology of mineralized mountain watersheds. Approximately ten kilometers of total field magnetics data were acquired on July 29, 2017 with a Geometrics G-858 cesium vapor magnetometer that detects changes in deep (tens of meters to kilometers) geologic structure based on variations in the magnetic properties of different formations. This data release includes the raw and processed magnetics data. They are provided as digital data, and data fields are defined in the data dictionary.

Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), magnetic, and gravity surveys were conducted in July 2017 in the greater East River Watershed near Crested Butte Colorado with a focused effort in Redwell Basin as part of a broader study of the role of bedrock groundwater in the hydrogeology of mineralized mountain watersheds. Five electrical resistivity tomography profiles were acquired within Redwell Basin and Brush Creek to map geologic structure at depths up to 40 meters, depending on the subsurface resistivity, using the Advanced Geosciences, Inc. SuperSting R8 resistivity meter. This data release includes the raw and processed resistivity data as well as inverted resistivity models. All are provided as digital data, and data fields for each file type are defined in the respective data dictionary.