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Wave Energy Period
Wave energy period is a sea state parameter, derived from the zeroth and first negative moments of the frequency spectrum. It is the period corresponding to the weighted average of the wave energy. Wave energy period values in this dataset are represented in seconds. The Wave Energy Resource Assessment project is a joint venture between NREL and Virginia Tech. NREL is the prime contractor and Virginia Tech is responsible for development of the models and estimating the wave resource. NREL also serves as an independent validator and also develops the final GIS-based display of the data. Data represent monthly summaries for the time period from January 1980 to December 2009 (30 years) for the following parameters: significant wave height (ssh), wave energy period (wep), and wave hindcast direction (dfp). For complete details regarding this study please read the full report, available here: https://openei.org/datasets/dataset/mapping-and-assessment-of-the-united-states-ocean-wave-energy-resource. A note about the data: Bathymetric effects are known to have a large effect on wave characteristics at depths shallower than approximately 20m (\~65 ft) on the Atlantic coast and 50 m (\~160 ft) on the Pacific coast. A variance between depths exists due to the feature differences for each continental shelf. The methodology used in this resource assessment precludes providing site-specific information to such developers. Reliable site-specific information in shallow waters can only be produced using results from models with higher spatial resolution that include shallow-water physics. The wave resource assessment group acknowledges that its results will not be accurate in the shallower waters of the inner continental shelf. These shallow water regions are located within the dark gray boundaries on the map.
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Wave Direction
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Wave hindcast direction represents the direction of peak in directionally-resolved wave energy flux. Wave hindcast direction values in this dataset are represented in degrees. The Wave Energy Resource Assessment project is a joint venture between NREL and Virginia Tech. NREL is the prime contractor and Virginia Tech is responsible for development of the models and estimating the wave resource. NREL also serves as an independent validator and also develops the final GIS-based display of the data. Data represent monthly summaries for the time period from January 1980 to December 2009 (30 years) for the following parameters: significant wave height (ssh), wave energy period (wep), and wave hindcast direction (dfp). For complete details regarding this study please read the full report, available here: https://openei.org/datasets/dataset/mapping-and-assessment-of-the-united-states-ocean-wave-energy-resource. A note about the data: Bathymetric effects are known to have a large effect on wave characteristics at depths shallower than approximately 20m (\~65 ft) on the Atlantic coast and 50 m (\~160 ft) on the Pacific coast. A variance between depths exists due to the feature differences for each continental shelf. The methodology used in this resource assessment precludes providing site-specific information to such developers. Reliable site-specific information in shallow waters can only be produced using results from models with higher spatial resolution that include shallow-water physics. The wave resource assessment group acknowledges that its results will not be accurate in the shallower waters of the inner continental shelf. These shallow water regions are located within the dark gray boundaries on the map.
Light Attenuation KdPAR
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This dataset represents monthly and annual averages of percentage light reaching at 1 m depth relative to surface light (KdPAR). The units are in percentage (%) as surface light reaching at 1 m depth derived from raw dataset. Wave band is 400-700 nm or Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR). Raw data available monthly from Jan 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2017, with a spatial resolution of 4 km x 4 km. The monthly and annual means are summarized for the time period 2010-2017. Data provided by NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). Raw dataset collected by NASA satellite SUOMI National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS). Citation: SeungHyun Son, Menghua Wang., 2015: Diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically available radiation Kd(PAR) for global open ocean and coastal waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 159, 15 March 2015, Pages 250-258.
Ecological Marine Units: Water Quality
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A compilation of ocean water quality (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) data at ¼ degree spatial resolution for the entire United States Exclusive Economic Zone. The dataset is derived from the ESRI Ecological Marine Unit (EMU) dataset, which was assembled from non-supervised statistical clustering of over 52 million points from NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas (2013) WoA database, an authoritative 57 year archive of global water column data. This derived dataset is divided into three separate point shapefiles, each representing either temperature (degrees Celsius), salinity (practical salinity units), or dissolved oxygen (mg/L). Values represent a climatological average. Each shapefile is formatted such that a single point location (i.e., unique associated latitude and longitude) contains a unique column entry for a given depth interval. Depth intervals are variable from 5 m near the surface to 100 m in the deeper regions (> 2000 m) for a total of 102 depth levels. All disclaimers provided by the original dataset authors apply to this derived dataset. For detail on these disclaimers, please refer to the following reference: Sayre, R., J. Dangermond, D. Wright, S. Breyer, K. Butler, K. Van Graafeiland, M.J. Costello, P. Harris, K. Goodin, M. Kavanaugh, N. Cressie, J. Guinotte, Z. Basher, P. Halpin, M. Monaco, P. Aniello, C. Frye, D. Stephens, P. Valentine, J. Smith, R. Smith, D.P. VanSistine, J. Cress, H. Warner, C. Brown, J. Steffenson, D. Cribbs, B. Van Esch, D. Hopkins, G. Noll, S. Kopp, and C. Convis. 2017. A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units – An Environmental Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: American Association of Geographers. 36 pages.
Ocean Wave Resource Potential
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Mean wave power density estimates represent naturally available US wave energy, derived from measurements observed during a 51-month study period. Measurements were taken from 42,000 grid points out to a distance of 50 nautical miles from shore. Values represent the average instantaneous power generated by a meter length of wave crest per grid point. In accordance with accepted global practice, wave power density is measured in kilowatts per meter of wave crest aggregated across a unit diameter circle. Data were classified using quantiles. Bathymetric effects are known to have a large effect on wave characteristics at depths shallower than ~20m on the east coast and ~50m on the west coast. Reliable site-specific information in shallow waters can only be produced using results from models with higher spatial resolution that include shallow-water physics. Results may not be accurate in the shallower waters of the inner continental shelf.
Offshore Oil and Gas Planning Areas
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This product resulted from merging four regional datasets containing BOEM Planning Area outlines. The use of these Planning Areas makes it easier to refer to Official Protraction Diagrams (OPD) and individual blocks within a region. The Submerged Lands Act (SLA) boundary, along with the Continental Shelf Boundary (CSB), the Limit of Protraction were used to complete the polygons for the Planning Areas. Because GIS projection and topology functions can change or generalize coordinates, these GIS files are considered to be approximate and are NOT an OFFICIAL record for the exact block coordinates or areas. The Official Protraction Diagrams (OPDs) and Supplemental Official OCS Block Diagrams (SOBDs) serve as the legal definition for BOEM offshore boundary coordinates and area descriptions. If any discrepancies are found between these shapefiles and the OPDs and SOBDs, it is the OPD and SOBD diagrams which take precedence. The original datasets were developed in UTM. Here they are projected in WGS_1984_World_Mercator. As a result, any area values computed from this dataset may differ from the official BOEM areas.
Coastal Barrier Resource System
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To remove the federal incentive to develop coastal barriers, the Coastal Barrier Resources Act designated relatively undeveloped coastal barriers along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts as part of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System. These areas are ineligible for most new federal expenditures and financial assistance.