,2D finite element water, solute, and heat mover model for plant models.,Most crops are grown in rows and this introduces spatial variability in soil processes with respect to the row. However, this variability can be exploited to reduce chemical transport to groundwater or improve management of irrigation water. Unless a model can account for variability perpendicular to crop rows as well as vertically into the soil profile it will not be able to fully evaluate all possible management practices that can be used to make agriculture more efficient and less harmful to the environment. To address this concern we developed 2DSOIL, the first comprehensive, modular, two-dimensional soil simulator that can simulate the major physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. Fully implemented, principles of modular modeling facilitate the addition and replacement of modules, as well as the reuse of existing code. The modularity of 2DSOIL has been designed to make it easy to modify the model and to make it easy to incorporate into plant models. 2DSOIL was used to simulate the effect of several water and nitrogen management practices and was incorporated into ARS potato and cotton models, into the Root Zone Water Quality Model, and into the USGS Modular Modeling System.,

,Anaerobic digestion and digestate solid-liquid separation are manure treatment strategies used on commercial dairy farms. These treatment strategies typically result in increased total ammoniacal nitrogen concentration (TAN) and pH, and reduced dry matter content, which tend to increase ammonia (NH3) emissions following field application. We hypothesized that shallow disk injection of liquid-separated, anaerobically digested dairy manures, compared to surface application without incorporation on no-till farmland, would reduce ammonia-nitrogen concentration (NH3-N) emissions and conserve manure-nitrogen (manure-N) for crop production. Six corn (Zea mays L.) silage studies were established on commercial dairy farms across Pennsylvania in 2021-2023 with side-by-side field-scale treatment comparison strips replicated five times per farm. We quantified the impact of liquid-separated, anaerobically digested manure application methods on: i) NH3 emissions for 24 hours after application, ii) in-season soil nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N), iii) cornstalk nitrate at harvest, iv) corn silage production, and iv) returns on investment.,

,Two grain surface treatment insecticides (deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl were evaluated in laboratory assays as a surface treatment for maize to control adult Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais. Both insecticides were applied to 20 g of maize placed in a vial or to the upper one half, one fourth, or one-eighth layer of the maize. Insects were either added to the vials before or after the maize. Mortality, progeny production, and insect damaged kernels (IDK) were then evaluated for each vial. Introduction method (before or after) did not have any impact on any of the variables. Mortality was nearly 100% for all treatments for both insecticides for P. truncatus. Subsequently, progeny production and the number of insect damaged kernels was very low or zero for P. truncatus. Mortality for S. zeamais remained low across layer treatments for deltamethrin. However, S. zeamais was easily controlled by primiphos-methyl. The results of this laboratory study show that while deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl has some effectiveness as a layer treatment on a column of maize, efficacy will be dependent on the target species, and the depth of the treated layer, as well as the location on which the insects are present.,Resources in this dataset:,Resource Title: Grain Layer Experiment with P. truncatus & Sitophilus zeamais.,File Name: quellhorst_etal_layer_experiment.csvResource,Description: Insect Mortality on Treated Maize and Progeny Production. For each replicate, 500 g of maize were treated with each insecticide or H2O (e.g., control) as described above. Before proceeding with the experiments, the grain moisture content (m.c.) was assessed, using a moisture meter (mini GAC plus, Dickey-John Europe S.A.S., Colombes, France). The standard plastic cylindrical vials of the Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology (LEAZ) were used (3 × 8 cm in diameter by height, Rotilabo Sample tins Snap on lid, Carl Roth, Germany). These were filled with 20g of maize. In each vial, we treated either all the grain (1/1), 1/2, 1/4 or 1/8 of the maize with one of the two insecticides (deltamethrin or pirimiphos-methyl) at the labeled rate. We also either placed the insects at the bottom of the vial (before the maize has been added) or at the top (after the maize has been added). Sets A, B, and C were treated with insecticide on separate days. Insects were given 14 days before mortality counts were performed. After this interval, the mortality was assessed. It is difficult to estimate the upper 1/8 etc. of maize, therefore we based our experiments on ratios of 20 g treated, 20 g untreated, 10 g treated with 10 g untreated, 5 g treated with 15 g untreated and 2 g treated with 18 g untreated. The exact quantities of the samples were weighed with a Precisa XB3200D compact balance (Alpha Analytical Instruments, Gerakas, Greece). The upper rings of the vials were treated with Fluon (Northern Products Inc., Woonsocket, USA) to prevent insects from moving away from the grain and or escaping. The top of each vial also had small holes punched to allow ventilation. Each vial then received 10 P. truncatus adults of mixed sex and age from the Tanzania strain or 10 S. zeamais from Brazil. The vials were placed inside incubators set at 30°C and 65% R.H. After the parental mortality count, all adults were removed, and the vials with maize were returned to the incubator at the conditions indicated above. Sixty days later, the vials were opened again to check progeny production and the number of insect damaged kernels (IDK). For each combination, e.g., insecticide × insect species, there were three replicates with three subreplicates (total 3 × 3 = 9 vials or replicates per combination). There were 2 insecticides × 2 insect species × 4 grain treatments (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8) × 2 insect introduction methods (before or after) × 9 replicates/subreplicates = 288 vials total, 5760 g of maize, 10 insects per vial × 288 = 2880 total (1440 per LAGB and MW). We

Comma-separated values (.csv) files containing data related to plant biomass and seed production responses of invasive Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) to varying sucrose treatments.

Comma-separated values (.csv) files containing data related to plant biomass and seed production responses of invasive Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) to varying sucrose treatments.

작물별 비료사용처방 책자는 농업의 안정적 생산기반을 유지하기 위해 설정한 양분관리 기준으로서, 토양의 양분 집적을 예방하고 환경부하를 최소화하기 위한 적정 비료사용량을 추천하는 비료사용 매뉴얼입니다.1. 비료사용처방 방법, 2. 곡류, 3. 유지작물, 4. 서류, 5. 과채류, 6. 근채류, 7. 인경채류, 8. 경엽채소류, 9. 산채류, 10. 과수, 11. 약용작물, 12. 사료작물, 13. 화훼류, 14. 기타※ 본 데이터는 샘플파일로서 요약정보를 제공합니다.

Seeded and harvested areas, production, amount sold (consumed or fed to livestock) and total farm value of potatoes.

This data set represents the Herbicide use on agricultural land in kilograms per square kilometer, 2009 value compiled for two spatial components of the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusv2) for the conterminous United States; 1) individual reach catchments and 2) reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network (i.e., watersheds). This dataset can be linked to the NHDPlus version 2 data suite by the unique identifier COMID. The source data were produced by Baker, N.T., 2015. Units for the Herbicide use on agricultural land in kilograms per square kilometer, 2009 are kilogram per square kilometer. Reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale. Reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river networks characterizes cumulative upstream conditions. Network-accumulated values are computed using two methods, 1) divergence-routed and 2) total cumulative drainage area. Both approaches use a modified routing database to navigate the NHDPlus reach network to aggregate (accumulate) the metrics derived from the reach catchment scale. (Schwarz and Wieczorek, 2016).