The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining samples, mainly comprised of silts and clays, underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in April 2025 to include updated statistics data for laser diffractometry results contained therein. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine relative percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining (finer) samples underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

These data were collected using field portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipped with a 4-watt Ta/Au X-ray tube on two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certified standard reference materials 2710a and 2711a, a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) certified standard reference material BHVO-2, and a silicon dioxide blank. These quality assurance data were collected as part of detailed pXRF studies in Hinkley and Water Valleys, 140 kilometers (km) northeast of Los Angeles, California, and as part of a regional geochemical survey in the western Mojave Desert, between 60 to 210 km northeast of Los Angeles. Measurements on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Geological Survey standard reference materials indicated the pXRF was sufficiently accurate for the purposes of these studies for chromium and selected trace elements. Results showed consistent clean (few to no measurable elements) measurements on a silica dioxide blank. Standard reference material indicated a need to adjust instrument beam times to optimize measurements of chromium.

These data were collected using field portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipped with a 4-watt Ta/Au X-ray tube. Samples of surficial alluvium, rock, and archived core material from existing auger- or sonic-drilled monitoring wells in Hinkley Valley and the adjoining Water Valley, 140 kilometers (km) northeast of Los Angeles, California, were measured as part of an investigation of naturally-occurring and anthropogenic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), concentrations in local groundwater. Surficial alluvium samples were collected from small stream channels draining distinct geologic units, or from previously mapped river deposits, and generally consisted of silt, sand, and granules to small pebbles. Twigs and other detritus were removed prior to measurement. Rocks were collected from outcrops or from colluvium eroded from nearby outcrops and were broken to expose fresh surfaces whenever possible. Core material was measured within the screened interval of wells sampled for water-quality as part of the study, along with additional core material from other intervals of geologic or lithologic interest to the study. Some measurements of core material were made on materials from selected geologic settings including oxide-rich zones formed near lithologic and redox contacts, groundwater discharge deposits, and weathered bedrock. Measurements were made on 155 samples of alluvium and rock, and archived core material from 69 monitoring well sites, located over an approximately 200 square km area between March 2015 and May 2018. Measurements on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Geological Survey standard reference materials (available in a separate child page associated with https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3) indicated the pXRF was sufficiently accurate for chromium and selected trace elements for the intended purpose of the dataset. Standard reference material indicated a need to adjust instrument beam times to optimize measurements of chromium. Measurements on a silica dioxide blank showed consistent clean (few to no measurable elements) data.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the PSA samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in grain size. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, PSA was conducted using sieving equipment housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed for elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the PSA samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in grain size. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, PSA was conducted using sieving equipment housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed for elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

These data were collected using field portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipped with a 4-watt Ta/Au X-ray tube. Samples of surficial alluvium, rock, and archived drill cuttings from monitoring wells in the western part of the Mojave Desert, 60 to 210 kilometers (km) northeast of Los Angeles, California, were measured using as part of an investigation of naturally-occurring trace elements dissolved in groundwater. Surficial alluvium samples were collected from small stream channels draining distinct geologic units, or from previously mapped river deposits, and generally consisted of silt, sand, and granules to small pebbles. Twigs and other detritus were removed prior to measurement. Rocks were collected from outcrops or from colluvium eroded from nearby outcrops and were broken to expose fresh surfaces whenever possible. Measurements were made on 180 samples of alluvium and rock, and archived drill material (cuttings) from 24 monitoring well sites, located over an approximately 14,300 square km area between March 2015 and May 2018. Measurements on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Geological Survey standard reference materials (available in a separate child page associated with https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3) indicated the pXRF was sufficiently accurate for selected trace elements for the intended purpose of the dataset. Standard reference material indicated a need to adjust instrument beam times to optimize measurements of chromium. Measurements on a silica dioxide blank showed consistent clean (few to no measurable elements) data.

Sediment cores were collected in Ozette Lake, Washington, in 2019, and cores were scanned using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). These data were used to investigate submarine landslide deposits triggered by large Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes.

Measurements of Fluoride collected at American River At Folsom Powerhouse. Currently collected twice a year, previously collected quarterly. Access further information for this data set by contacting Bureau of Reclamation, California-Great Basin Region, Environmental Affairs Division (CGB-157). See ResultAttributes for STAFF_GAUGE, SMPL_DEPTH, SMPL_CATEGORY_NAME, METHOD_CODE, RESULT_RL, RESULT_RL-UNIT_STD_NAME, RESULT_MDL, RESULT_MDL-UNIT_STD_NAME, USBR_QA_SUBTYPE_NAME, USBR_QULFR_DESCRIPTION. STAFF_GAUGE is the water height in decimal feet measured by gauge (e.g., 15.2). SMPL_DEPTH is the vertical depth at which sample is collected (e.g., 0 - 15 cm). For water samples: depth below water/air interface. For sediment and soil samples: depth below water/solid or air/solid interface. SMPL_CATEGORY_NAME is the category type of sample (e.g., Composite). METHOD_CODE is the name of method used to obtain result (e.g., EPA 200.8). RESULT_RL is the result reporting limit (accounting for dilution) (e.g., 0.02). RESULT_RL-UNIT_STD_NAME is the unit associated with RESULT_RL (e.g., mg/L). RESULT_MDL is the result method detection limit (e.g., 0.007). RESULT_MDL-UNIT_STD_NAME is the unit associated with RESULT_MDL (e.g., mg/L). USBR_QA_SUBTYPE_NAME is the quality control type of the sample (e.g., USBR_BLANK_SPIKE). USBR_QULFR_DESCRIPTION is the quality assurance description (if any) (e.g., Result may have a high bias.).

This portion of the data release presents X-ray Flourescence (XRF) data from vibracores collected from Searsville Lake, a reservoir in Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford, California in October 2018 (USGS Field Activity 2018-682-FA). The XRF data are provided in comma-delimited files (.csv), one per core.