The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine relative percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining (finer) samples underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the pXRF samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in elemental abundances within the grids. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, pXRF analysis was conducted using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Most of these samples were previously analyzed for particle size, and subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed separately via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to further constrain elemental abundances. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in May 2025 to correct the IDs and coordinates for three samples. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the PSA samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in grain size. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, PSA was conducted using sieving equipment housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed for elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the PSA samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in grain size. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, PSA was conducted using sieving equipment housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed for elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from the VA-Clarke-03 core, Cherry Hill quadrangle, Dinwiddie county, Virginia [36.931926, -77.566802]. The 44-foot-long core was collected on 05/16/2023 using the North Carolina Geological Survey Geoprobe. The core was collected from sands and gravels of the uppermost coastal plain that host the Old Hickory heavy mineral deposit. Because host sediments are non-fossiliferous, there is little consensus as to their age, stratigraphic position, or nomenclature. Current mapping assigns host sands and gravels to two units in the upper part of the Pliocene to Pleistocene Chesapeake Group. In the lab, the core was analyzed using the USGS GeoTek multi-sensor core logger system housed in the Florence Bascom Geoscience center, Reston, VA. After Geotek analysis (Carter and others, 2024), sediment samples were collected from the core for PSA, detrital zircon analysis, and 26Al/10Be cosmogenic burial dating. This work is a collaboration with the Virginia Department of Energy, Geology and Mineral Resources Program and the North Carolina Geological Survey through the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain Working Group, and the USGS Earth MRI Program. Reference: Carter, M., Seidenstein, J., Farrell, K., Nelson, M., Rodysill, J., Odom, W., Holm-Denoma, C., Occhi, M., and Hawkins, D., 2024, Using the U.S. Geological Survey Geotek Multi-Sensor Core Logger System to analyze and preserve core from the Old Hickory Heavy Mineral deposit, southeastern Virginia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 56, No. 2, doi: 10.1130/abs/2024SE-398116 This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in May 2025 to include updated statistics data for laser diffractometry results contained therein. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from the VA-Clarke-03 core, Cherry Hill quadrangle, Dinwiddie county, Virginia [36.931926, -77.566802]. The 44-foot-long core was collected on 05/16/2023 using the North Carolina Geological Survey Geoprobe. The core was collected from sands and gravels of the uppermost coastal plain that host the Old Hickory heavy mineral deposit. Because host sediments are non-fossiliferous, there is little consensus as to their age, stratigraphic position, or nomenclature. Current mapping assigns host sands and gravels to two units in the upper part of the Pliocene to Pleistocene Chesapeake Group. In the lab, the core was analyzed using the USGS GeoTek multi-sensor core logger system housed in the Florence Bascom Geoscience center, Reston, VA. After Geotek analysis (Carter and others, 2024), sediment samples were collected from the core for particle size analysis, detrital zircon analysis, and 26Al/10Be cosmogenic burial dating. This work is a collaboration with the Virginia Department of Energy, Geology and Mineral Resources Program and the North Carolina Geological Survey through the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain Working Group, and the USGS Earth MRI Program. Citation: Carter, M., Seidenstein, J., Farrell, K., Nelson, M., Rodysill, J., Odom, W., Holm-Denoma, C., Occhi, M., and Hawkins, D., 2024, Using the U.S. Geological Survey Geotek Multi-Sensor Core Logger System to analyze and preserve core from the Old Hickory Heavy Mineral deposit, southeastern Virginia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 56, No. 2, doi: 10.1130/abs/2024SE-398116

The data herein are geochemical (from X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry), grain size (percent clay, silt, sand), lithological (loss on ignition data), bathymetric, reconstructed IVT, and radioactive isotopes (14-C, 210-Pb, 226-Ra, and 137-Cs). These data were collected from sediments from Leonard Lake, Mendocino County, California, USA starting in 2014. Together, these data provide evidence for a record of extreme precipitation going back three millennia, showing regional pluvial and drought cycles.

These data were collected using field portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipped with a 4-watt Ta/Au X-ray tube. Samples of surficial alluvium, rock, and archived core material from existing auger- or sonic-drilled monitoring wells in Hinkley Valley and the adjoining Water Valley, 140 kilometers (km) northeast of Los Angeles, California, were measured as part of an investigation of naturally-occurring and anthropogenic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), concentrations in local groundwater. Surficial alluvium samples were collected from small stream channels draining distinct geologic units, or from previously mapped river deposits, and generally consisted of silt, sand, and granules to small pebbles. Twigs and other detritus were removed prior to measurement. Rocks were collected from outcrops or from colluvium eroded from nearby outcrops and were broken to expose fresh surfaces whenever possible. Core material was measured within the screened interval of wells sampled for water-quality as part of the study, along with additional core material from other intervals of geologic or lithologic interest to the study. Some measurements of core material were made on materials from selected geologic settings including oxide-rich zones formed near lithologic and redox contacts, groundwater discharge deposits, and weathered bedrock. Measurements were made on 155 samples of alluvium and rock, and archived core material from 69 monitoring well sites, located over an approximately 200 square km area between March 2015 and May 2018. Measurements on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Geological Survey standard reference materials (available in a separate child page associated with https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3) indicated the pXRF was sufficiently accurate for chromium and selected trace elements for the intended purpose of the dataset. Standard reference material indicated a need to adjust instrument beam times to optimize measurements of chromium. Measurements on a silica dioxide blank showed consistent clean (few to no measurable elements) data.

Sediment cores were collected in Ozette Lake, Washington, in 2019, and cores were scanned using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). These data were used to investigate submarine landslide deposits triggered by large Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes.

These data were collected using field portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipped with a 4-watt Ta/Au X-ray tube on two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certified standard reference materials 2710a and 2711a, a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) certified standard reference material BHVO-2, and a silicon dioxide blank. These quality assurance data were collected as part of detailed pXRF studies in Hinkley and Water Valleys, 140 kilometers (km) northeast of Los Angeles, California, and as part of a regional geochemical survey in the western Mojave Desert, between 60 to 210 km northeast of Los Angeles. Measurements on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Geological Survey standard reference materials indicated the pXRF was sufficiently accurate for the purposes of these studies for chromium and selected trace elements. Results showed consistent clean (few to no measurable elements) measurements on a silica dioxide blank. Standard reference material indicated a need to adjust instrument beam times to optimize measurements of chromium.