The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the PSA samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in grain size. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, PSA was conducted using sieving equipment housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed for elemental concentrations via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining samples, mainly comprised of silts and clays, underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in April 2025 to include updated statistics data for laser diffractometry results contained therein. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine relative percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining (finer) samples underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from the VA-Clarke-03 core, Cherry Hill quadrangle, Dinwiddie county, Virginia [36.931926, -77.566802]. The 44-foot-long core was collected on 05/16/2023 using the North Carolina Geological Survey Geoprobe. The core was collected from sands and gravels of the uppermost coastal plain that host the Old Hickory heavy mineral deposit. Because host sediments are non-fossiliferous, there is little consensus as to their age, stratigraphic position, or nomenclature. Current mapping assigns host sands and gravels to two units in the upper part of the Pliocene to Pleistocene Chesapeake Group. In the lab, the core was analyzed using the USGS GeoTek multi-sensor core logger system housed in the Florence Bascom Geoscience center, Reston, VA. After Geotek analysis (Carter and others, 2024), sediment samples were collected from the core for particle size analysis, detrital zircon analysis, and 26Al/10Be cosmogenic burial dating. This work is a collaboration with the Virginia Department of Energy, Geology and Mineral Resources Program and the North Carolina Geological Survey through the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain Working Group, and the USGS Earth MRI Program. Citation: Carter, M., Seidenstein, J., Farrell, K., Nelson, M., Rodysill, J., Odom, W., Holm-Denoma, C., Occhi, M., and Hawkins, D., 2024, Using the U.S. Geological Survey Geotek Multi-Sensor Core Logger System to analyze and preserve core from the Old Hickory Heavy Mineral deposit, southeastern Virginia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 56, No. 2, doi: 10.1130/abs/2024SE-398116

The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) conducted on a suite of sediment samples from the VA-Clarke-03 core, Cherry Hill quadrangle, Dinwiddie county, Virginia [36.931926, -77.566802]. The 44-foot-long core was collected on 05/16/2023 using the North Carolina Geological Survey Geoprobe. The core was collected from sands and gravels of the uppermost coastal plain that host the Old Hickory heavy mineral deposit. Because host sediments are non-fossiliferous, there is little consensus as to their age, stratigraphic position, or nomenclature. Current mapping assigns host sands and gravels to two units in the upper part of the Pliocene to Pleistocene Chesapeake Group. In the lab, the core was analyzed using the USGS GeoTek multi-sensor core logger system housed in the Florence Bascom Geoscience center, Reston, VA. After Geotek analysis (Carter and others, 2024), sediment samples were collected from the core for PSA, detrital zircon analysis, and 26Al/10Be cosmogenic burial dating. This work is a collaboration with the Virginia Department of Energy, Geology and Mineral Resources Program and the North Carolina Geological Survey through the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain Working Group, and the USGS Earth MRI Program. Reference: Carter, M., Seidenstein, J., Farrell, K., Nelson, M., Rodysill, J., Odom, W., Holm-Denoma, C., Occhi, M., and Hawkins, D., 2024, Using the U.S. Geological Survey Geotek Multi-Sensor Core Logger System to analyze and preserve core from the Old Hickory Heavy Mineral deposit, southeastern Virginia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 56, No. 2, doi: 10.1130/abs/2024SE-398116 This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in May 2025 to include updated statistics data for laser diffractometry results contained therein. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The dataset documents results from portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Most of the pXRF samples were collected from representative cells in a series of five portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) grids, here denoted G1 through G5, to constrain variations in elemental abundances within the grids. These samples were also collected in conjunction with OSL for absolute chronology. In the lab, pXRF analysis was conducted using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Most of these samples were previously analyzed for particle size, and subsamples from G3 and G4 were also analyzed separately via inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to further constrain elemental abundances. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and the Fort Drum Cultural Resources Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This Data Release was revised to v1.1 in May 2025 to correct the IDs and coordinates for three samples. No other changes to the data release were made for v1.1.

The Maumee River network contributes a significant amount of total phosphorus (P), including both sediment-bound P (sed-P) and dissolved P, to the Western Lake Erie Basin. Most Maumee River headwater streams are agricultural, with conservation management focused on limiting sediment and nutrient transport from cropland to the stream network. However, several studies have shown streambank erosion to be another source of suspended sediment in these streams. This data release is comprised of four tables with data related to particle-size distribution and resultant estimate of sed-P mass based on streambed-sediment stored in the Black Creek, IN (U.S. Geological Survey number 04183038) and Little Flatrock Creek, OH (04191444) stream networks in July 2019. Data included provided for extrapolation from described reaches to the entire network upstream of the gage.

The Maumee River network contributes a significant amount of total phosphorus (P), including both sediment-bound P (sed-P) and dissolved P, to the Western Lake Erie Basin. Most Maumee River headwater streams are agricultural, with conservation management focused on limiting sediment and nutrient transport from cropland to the stream network. However, several studies have shown streambank erosion to be another source of suspended sediment in these streams. This data release is comprised of four tables with data related to particle-size distribution and resultant estimate of sed-P mass based on streambed-sediment stored in the Black Creek, IN (U.S. Geological Survey number 04183038) and Little Flatrock Creek, OH (04191444) stream networks in July 2019. Data included provided for extrapolation from described reaches to the entire network upstream of the gage.

These data present suspended particle size distributions collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center at three locations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Data were collected in Lindsey Slough on April 4 and April 18, 2017, and near the mouth of the Mokelumne River and in Middle River on March 14, 2018 by deploying a Sequoia Scientific Laser In-situ Scattering and Transmissometry instrument (LISST 100x) from a small vessel during the deployment of the hydrographic time series data instruments. At each site, data were collected 1 to 2 times, generally near the water surface, at mid depth, and near the sediment bed. These data were collected as part of a study on the effects of invasive aquatic vegetation on sediment transport in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Users are advised to check metadata and instrument information carefully for applicable time periods of specific data.

The dataset contains the particle size distribution analysis (on a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction) and major and trace element geochemistry data for end of river and flood plume samples from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 Burdekin flood events as well as for the 2017 and 2018 Tully flood events. Additional data are provided from the Ross River, Haughton River and Johnstone River. This dataset is currently under embargo. The grain size data were analysed following treatment with H2O2 which is designed to remove the organic material from the samples. Hence the data should be considered as a ‘treated grain size’ according to the protocols recommended in the Bainbridge et al. (in review) manuscript. The dataset represents the first time end of river and plume samples have been treated to examine the primary grain size. In addition, these are the first samples analysed from the > 25 PSU zone in the plume and samples > 10 PSU for grain size and geochemistry were also rare. Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Methods: Our dataset includes end-of-river (EoR) suspended sediment samples from the Burdekin and Tully Rivers captured during high flow events that occurred over the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 water years, and also the 2018-2019 water year for the Burdekin. Opportunistic, representative samples were also collected from the neighbouring South Johnstone River (Wet Tropics) in 2018, and the Herbert (Wet Tropics), Ross and Haughton (Dry Tropics) Rivers in 2019. In total 15 samples were analysed for the Burdekin, three for the Tully, two for the Ross and one each for the neighbouring South Johnstone, Herbert and Haughton Rivers. The Herbert River sample was a composite of daily sampling across the discharge peak from 4th to 7th February, 2019. Samples were collected off bridges with a 10 L container. Flood plume sampling along the estuarine salinity gradient from the river mouth was conducted immediately following EoR sample collection. Given the larger size and duration of the Burdekin flood plume, sample sites targeted the movement of the plume over a number of days guided by near real-time MODIS satellite imagery. Sites were located along a salinity gradient transect extending from the freshwater reaches of the estuary and sites were selected to coincide with the environmental instrument arrays installed at Orchard Rocks, Havannah Island and Dunk Island. Flood plume samples were collected using the SediPump® high-volume filtration system to ensure adequate samples sizes to complete the analyses. Pump durations at each site were 2-3 hours, which includes the time to collect the depth samples (1-2m above local benthic depth). For further details on the grain size analysis see: Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Limitations of the data: The sample pre-treatment of the grain size data need to be understood where H2O2 was used to remove the organics from the sample. Format: The data are provided as a Microsoft Excel file. References: Lewis, S., Bainbridge, Z. Stevens, T., Garzon-Garcia, A., Chen, C., Bahadori, M., Burton, J., James, C., Smithers, S. and Olley, J. (2020) What’s really damaging the Reef?: Tracing the origin and fate of the environmentally detrimental sediment and associated bioavailable nutrients. Report to the National Environmental Science Program. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (250pp.). Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine