This is an archive of underway meteorological and TSG data from the Bering Strait mooring cruise on the research vessel Norseman II, from Nome to Nome (AK), 4th-14th July 2023. This cruise collected the following underway data: - meteorological data - thermosalinograph data - ship's ADCP data (not included in this dataset) For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work and suggested references please see the Documentation. For queries, please contact: Rebecca Woodgate woodgate@uw.edu (206) 221-3268 Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington 1013 NE 40th, Seattle, WA 98105-6698 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Meta data ========= 1) Platform: Research vessel NorsemanII, operated by Support Vessels of Alaska, SVA. 2) Project title: Bering Strait 3) Data collection dates: 4th-14th July 2023 for meteorological data 4th-14th July 2023 for thermosalinograph (TSG) data (note start of salinity data 5th July 2023, 22:15 local - 6th July 2023, 06:15GMT) 4th-14th July 2023 for ADCP data 4) PI: Rebecca Woodgate (woodgate@uw.edu) 5) Data collection method: Underway sampling from built-in ship's sensors 6) Data calibration method: No special calibration. = meteorological data are unaltered from operational output of the sensors = thermosalinograph data use the latest available, pre-cruise calibrations (Dec 2016) 7)Instrumentation used: = meteorological data, using ship-mounted sensors - Airmar 220WX Weather caster 153, installed 2021 = thermosalinograph data from sea water intake 3.4m below water line (slightly - SBE21 Temperature and Conductivity sensor, in the engine room - SBE38 Temperature sensor, near the seawater intake = hull mounted RDI 300kHz Workhorse Mariner ADCP (SN 19355) with bottom tracking, mounted 3m below water line. 8)Quality Control procedures: Data provided as recorded, with no detailed quality control. 9) Data format: = meteorological data - ASCII, format given in individual headers = thermosalinograph - ASCII, format given in individual header (.hdr, .hex and .XMLCON files also provided) 10) Data Collection problems: = meteorological data - this is the third year this met system has been in use on the Norseman 2. A comparison between met data from the previous system and ERA, JRA and NCEP data, suggested that the 2021 data from the new system were too high (~2m/s) for wind speed, too low (~2degC)for temperature, and too low (~2hPa) for air pressure. That was based on a calibration done under less than ideal conditions. The system was recalibrated before the 2022 cruise, in the anticipation that would improve the data, however it has not yet been possible to make the same comparison to the ERA, JRA, and NCEP data to see if this has indeed fixed the issue. = thermosalinograph - raw Julian Day from Seasave system subject to GPS Roll over error. This is corrected in the data archived. - seachest was erroneously isolated from seawater intake at start of cruise. This was corrected 6th July 0615 GMT. Seachest data before this time are not measuring in situ water, and thus values have been set to a dummy value of 9999. This problem did not affect intake temperature. - raw depth data were frequently noisy. Flyers over 62m have been linearly interpolated from neighboring points 11) Other related data sets: = these data were taken on a mooring deployment cruise, which placed 3 moorings (A2-23, A3-23, A4-23) in the Bering Strait region. These moorings are part of a long-term time-series started in 1990 = prior mooring cruises to the region have collected underway data. For an overview, see PI web site in the Documentation. 12) Conditions of use: Data freely available. Please, as a courtesy, contact the PIs before using these data and cite project as using citations given in the Documentation section. 13) Data qualifications or warnings = See data collection issues 14) Grant numbers Sponsorship for the cruise came from - National

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2015 to summer 2016. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1304052 (PI: Woodgate, Heimbach, and Nguyen). The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises: - in 2015 (1st - 9th July), a ~ 9 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2016 (7th - 15th July), a ~ 9 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. For 2015 to 2016, a total of three moorings were deployed: - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. For 2013 to 2014, a total of three moorings were deployed. Two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait and one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaska Coastal Current. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. Moorings carry a variety of instruments. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently. Complete data description is included in readme file in data/0-data/BeringStraitMoorings2015to2016_versionJune2017/Bering_Strait_Moorings_2015-2016_NSFAON_ReadMe.txt Data from instruments marked with * in the table in the readme file are not included in this archive. For access to these data, please contact the named PI listed in the readme file. Data are in plain text format.

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from 2021-07-10 to 2022-09-11. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1758565 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz). The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises: - in 2021 (7th - 17th July), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2022 (8th-19th September), a ~ 12 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 recovered the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. In 2021, a total of three moorings were deployed: - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. Unfortunately, mooring A2 was lost. Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the file "Bering_Strait_Moorings_2021-2022_NSFAON_ReadMe_versFeb2024.txt" included in this dataset. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work and related publications, please see PI web site, the above file, and publications listed in the Documentation section.

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2013 to summer 2014. Mooring deployments were funded by the ONR award N00014-13-1-0468 (PI: Woodgate) with shiptime support from the concurrent NSF-AON awards (Award ARC0855748, PIs: Woodgate, Weingartner, Lindsay and Whitledge; and Award PLR-1304052, PIs: Woodgate, Heimbach and Nguyen), in collaboration with the NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-US Long Term Census of the Arctic) program. The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises. In 2013 (3rd - 10th July), a ~ 8 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. In 2014 (30th June - 7th July), a ~ 8 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. For 2013 to 2014, a total of three moorings were deployed. Two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait and one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaska Coastal Current. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2019 and summer 2020 to summer 2021. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1758565 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz). The mooring work required 3 dedicated cruises: - in 2019 (5th - 15th September), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the 2019 moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2020 (1st - 18th September), a ~ 19 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the 2020 moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2021 (7th - 17th July), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 recovered all the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. In both 2019 and 2020, a total of three moorings were deployed (each year): - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Although the 2019 moorings would normally have been recovered in 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic prevented this. Instead, the 2020 cruise only deployed a further 3 new moorings (each ~ 400m west of their usual positions). All 6 moorings were recovered in 2021. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current.

This is an archive of water temperature, salinity, ADCP velocity, including ice tracking data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2018 to summer 2019. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1758565 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz). The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises: - in 2018 (10th - 19th August), a ~ 10 day cruise on the US research vessel Norseman II deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2019 (5th - 15th September), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US research vessel Norseman II deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. For 2018 to 2019, a total of three moorings were deployed: - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently. For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table. For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see: Woodgate, R.A., K.M. Stafford and F.G. Prahl (2015) A synthesis of year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography 28(3):46-67, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. Please use both 2015 and 2018 citations for these data. For an overview of cruises and project, please see: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html Data are in text formats.

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2014 to summer 2015. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-1304052 (PI: Woodgate, Heimbach and Nguyen), in collaboration with the NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-US Long Term Census of the Arctic) program. For 2014 to 2015, a total of three moorings were deployed: two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, and one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaska Coastal Current.

This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, and others taken by CTD, ADCP, and other instrumentation from research vessel icebreaker Xue Long in the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean. The 7th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition targets on the global climate change and the correlations of sea ice variation, as well as its effects on the environment and ecosystem in Arctic Ocean. The major studies are focused on physical oceanography, marine chemistry, marine geology and marine ecology. The objectives of the studies are: 1) Investigation of primary path of pacific waters and land-derived fresh waters input to Canada Basin; 2) Observation on marine chemical parameters in Arctic Ocean and the influences on cycling of biogeochemistry. 3) Identification of plankton species and bio-diversity in Arctic area. The cruise was carried out during 11 July to 26 September, 2016. The field work in the U.S. EEZ was a part of this cruise. During the field work in the U.S. EEZ, observations/measurements of physical oceanography, meteorology, marine chemistry, marine Biology and marine geology are occupied in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea. These data are part of the World Data Service for Oceanography and U.S State Department Marine Research dataset U2016-024. Data are in XLSX, HEX, binary formats. XLSX were converted into CSV.

This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and suspended particulate matter taken by CTD, nets, and other instrumentation in the Bering and Chukchi Seas from the research vessel icebreaker Xue Long during the 5-th Chinese National Arctic Scientific Research Expedition (CHINARE5). The objectives of the CHINARE5 were to improve understanding of basic environmental information of marine hydrology in summer 2012 in areas of the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Chukchi Sea Rise, and to provide basic information for global climate change research. The main work was undertaken through sectional observations of the aforementioned sea areas. Data are in CNV, XLSX formats. This dataset is U.S. State Department MSR U2012-020 as part of the World Data Services for Geophysics and Oceanography.

This is an archive of data from US moorings deployed in the Bering Strait from summer 2010 to summer 2011. Moorings were also deployed for this period in Russian waters. This archive will be updated once these Russian data are available. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON) award ARC-0855748 (PIs: Woodgate, Weingartner, Whitledge and Lindsay) with shiptime support from the NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-US Long Term Census of the Arctic) program. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. Moorings carry a variety of instruments. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently. Please see the cruise report for details.