This NCEI accession consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, water temperature and salinity measured from discrete surface samples, taken at the site of GraysRf_81W_31N mooring in Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, East Coast of the United States on 2025-06-29. Operation of the Grays Reef time-series mooring has been a multi-organization effort which has successfully collected high-resolution data since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Atlantic Bight offshore Georgia, USA and within the boundaries of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. It sits along the divide between the inner and middle shelf with water depths of 20 m. Water chemistry is primarily controlled by the middle shelf oceanic dynamics, but during heavy rain events, it can be affected by freshwater plumes coming from the numerous rivers along the Georgia and South Carolina coast. Temperature also plays a major role in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) variability with seasonal changes being apparent. During summer months, GRNMS acts as a CO2 source to the atmosphere while during winter months it is a CO2 sink. The benthic community at GRNMS has proven to be hardy enduring large seasonal swings of seawater CO2 and pH.

This NCEI accession consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, water temperature and salinity measured from discrete surface samples, taken at the site of GraysRf_81W_31N mooring in Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, East Coast of the United States on 2023-12-08. Operation of the Grays Reef time-series mooring has been a multi-organization effort which has successfully collected high-resolution data since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Atlantic Bight offshore Georgia, USA and within the boundaries of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. It sits along the divide between the inner and middle shelf with water depths of 20 m. Water chemistry is primarily controlled by the middle shelf oceanic dynamics, but during heavy rain events, it can be affected by freshwater plumes coming from the numerous rivers along the Georgia and South Carolina coast. Temperature also plays a major role in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) variability with seasonal changes being apparent. During summer months, GRNMS acts as a CO2 source to the atmosphere while during winter months it is a CO2 sink. The benthic community at GRNMS has proven to be hardy enduring large seasonal swings of seawater CO2 and pH.

This NCEI accession consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, water temperature and salinity measured from discrete surface samples, taken at the site of GraysRf_81W_31N mooring in Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, East Coast of the United States on 2024-05-26. Operation of the Grays Reef time-series mooring has been a multi-organization effort which has successfully collected high-resolution data since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Atlantic Bight offshore Georgia, USA and within the boundaries of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. It sits along the divide between the inner and middle shelf with water depths of 20 m. Water chemistry is primarily controlled by the middle shelf oceanic dynamics, but during heavy rain events, it can be affected by freshwater plumes coming from the numerous rivers along the Georgia and South Carolina coast. Temperature also plays a major role in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) variability with seasonal changes being apparent. During summer months, GRNMS acts as a CO2 source to the atmosphere while during winter months it is a CO2 sink. The benthic community at GRNMS has proven to be hardy enduring large seasonal swings of seawater CO2 and pH.

This NCEI accession consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, water temperature and salinity measured from discrete surface samples, taken at the site of GraysRf_81W_31N mooring in Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, East Coast of the United States on 2024-03-21. Operation of the Grays Reef time-series mooring has been a multi-organization effort which has successfully collected high-resolution data since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Atlantic Bight offshore Georgia, USA and within the boundaries of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. It sits along the divide between the inner and middle shelf with water depths of 20 m. Water chemistry is primarily controlled by the middle shelf oceanic dynamics, but during heavy rain events, it can be affected by freshwater plumes coming from the numerous rivers along the Georgia and South Carolina coast. Temperature also plays a major role in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) variability with seasonal changes being apparent. During summer months, GRNMS acts as a CO2 source to the atmosphere while during winter months it is a CO2 sink. The benthic community at GRNMS has proven to be hardy enduring large seasonal swings of seawater CO2 and pH.

This NCEI accession consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, water temperature and salinity measured from discrete surface samples, taken at the site of GraysRf_81W_31N mooring in Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, East Coast of the United States on 2024-12-19. Operation of the Grays Reef time-series mooring has been a multi-organization effort which has successfully collected high-resolution data since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Atlantic Bight offshore Georgia, USA and within the boundaries of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. It sits along the divide between the inner and middle shelf with water depths of 20 m. Water chemistry is primarily controlled by the middle shelf oceanic dynamics, but during heavy rain events, it can be affected by freshwater plumes coming from the numerous rivers along the Georgia and South Carolina coast. Temperature also plays a major role in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) variability with seasonal changes being apparent. During summer months, GRNMS acts as a CO2 source to the atmosphere while during winter months it is a CO2 sink. The benthic community at GRNMS has proven to be hardy enduring large seasonal swings of seawater CO2 and pH.

This dataset contains discrete bottle sample data collected from the Gray's Reef mooring, within the Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary in February. Samples were collected from the surface layer, treated with 0.1 µL of HgCl2, stored on ice, and transported to the University of Delaware for DIC and TAlk analysis. Data is used to calculate pCO2 and compared to moored observations for internal consistency and validation of time series observations.

This dataset contains discrete bottle sample data for total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Total Alkalinity (TAlk) samples, which were collected for validation and internal consistency analyses at the Gray's Reef MAPCO2 system off the coast of Georgia, USA in the South Atlantic Bight (31.400, -80.868). Samples were collected and immediately preserved with 0.2 µL of saturated Mercuric Chloride from 2018 through 2021. Samples were transported to the Cai-Laboratory at the University of Delaware for analysis. DIC is analyzed via a nondispersive infrared laser LICOR analyzer after 1 ml of 10% H3PO4 is injected into the sample and the CO2 gas is “stripped” out. TAlk is measured via Gran titration with HCl to an end-point of pH 3.2. The method precision is >0.1%. This effort was conducted in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).

This dataset includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from GAUSS in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2000-05-06 to 2000-06-06 and retrieved during cruise 06GA20000506. These data include ALKALINITY, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRITE, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SILICATE and WATER TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Douglas W. R. Wallace of Dalhousie University; Institute of Oceanography and Klaus-Peter Koltermann of Federal Maritime Agency - Hamburg (BSH) as part of the CARINA/06GA20000506, WOCE AR19f dataset. The CARINA (CARbon dioxide IN the Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and U.S. partners. It has produced a merged internally consistent dataset of open ocean subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular, studies involving the carbon system. The original focus area was the North Atlantic Ocean, but over time the geographic extent expanded and CARINA now includes data from the entire Atlantic, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.

This dataset includes chemical, discrete samples and profile observations data collected from Canadian Coast Guard Ship John P. Tully in the North Pacific Ocean, coastal upwelling region west of Vancouver Island, Canada from 1998-07-15 to 1998-07-23. These data include dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, nitrate and phosphate. The inner-shelf buoyancy current, the outer-shelf and the slope regions are contrasted for both wind regimes (up- and downwelling). Results show strong biological drawdown of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in response to upwelling over the outer-shelf. In contrast, measured pCO2 is exceptionally high (pCO2>1000ppm) in the inner-shelf current, where biological uptake of carbon is consistently large. The biological C:N uptake ratio appears to increase when nitrogen becomes limiting (during downwelling), while the POC:PON ratio is relatively constant (slightly lower than the Redfield ratio) suggesting that excess carbon uptake does not go into the POC pool. As expected, large cells dominate where measured primary productivity is greatest. Sub-surface inorganic carbon (and pCO2) is high over the shelf. We suggest that carbon concentrations may be higher in coastal waters because of remineralization associated with high productivity that is confined to a smaller volume of water by bathymetry. At the coast these sub-surface concentrations are more efficiently mixed into the surface (especially during winter) relative to deeper offshore regions. Thus, despite high primary production, coastal waters may not aid in sequestration of atmospheric carbon.

This dataset includes discrete sample and profile data collected from KNORR in the North Atlantic Ocean, North Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, South Atlantic Ocean and Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South) from 1972-07-18 to 1973-04-01 and retrieved during cruise GEOSECS Atlantic. These data include DELTA CARBON-14, DELTA HELIUM-3, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRITE, Potential temperature (theta), RADIUM ISOTOPES, SALINITY, TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA), Tritium (Hydrogen isotope), WATER TEMPERATURE, phosphate and silicate. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Taro Takahashi of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) and Robert M. Key of Princeton University; Department of Geosciences; Program in Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences (AOS) as part of the GEOSECS_Atlantic dataset.