Arctic Ocean net primary productivity (NPP) was assembled for 1959-2011 from existing databases and recent polar research cruises. At each NPP station, if available, other data such as Chl-a, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations, mixed layer depth (MLD), SST, and euphotic layer depth were included. The data were obtained between 65 and 89°N mainly from late spring to early fall. At each station, NPP was measured at various depths using 13C- or 14C-labeled compounds. Surface fluorometric Chl-a concentration and SST were estimated from measurements between 0 and 5 m depth. MLD was estimated from CTD profiles using 0a threshold criterion. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured only in the upper 100 m. Sponsored by the NASA through the Primary Productivity Algorithm Round Robin activity (PPARR) program. Data were provided in xlsx format and converted by NCEI to csv format.

The dataset contains daily primary production (PP) estimates in mgC/m^2/day (milligrams carbon per meter squared per day) for the subarctic Atlantic area (Nordic Seas) between 2003 and 2018, obtained with a wavelength-resolved model applied to ocean-observing satellite data (Bélanger et al., 2013; also described in the supplementary material of Mayot et al., submitted). The dataset has a spatiotemporal resolution of 8-day and ~30 km. The dataset corresponds to 16 tables (one for each year between 2003 and 2018) that contains annual time series of PP (between March 6 and October 15) for each pixel of the satellite image. The first two columns provide the longitude and latitude of each pixel were a time series of PP is available. The following twenty-seven columns correspond to estimated daily PP averaged over twenty-seven 8 days time period, from March 6 to October 7. The date in the column name is the first date of each 8 days time period.

Water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate, and other data were collected from a small boat in the Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, from 29 May 1975 to 14 July 1975. Data were collected by the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SKIO) as part of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration / Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (IDOE/CEPEX).

Phytoplankton data were collected using net casts from the USCGC POLAR SEA in the Arctic Ocean. Data were collected from 26 July 1994 to 26 August 1994. Data were submitted by Oregon State University (OSU) with support from the Arctic Ocean Section (Canada/U.S. joint expedition) project.

Chlorophyll, temperature, depth, and irradiance data were collated by the Ocean Primary Productivity Working Group (OPPWG) from multiple sources in a world-wide distribution from 29 May 1958 to 02 April 1994.

Oceanographic profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, pH, alkalinity, and chlorophyll were acquired during numerous cruises in the North Atlantic, West Greenland shelf, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, and the marginal seas of Northern Europe from 2009 to 2020. The data were submitted to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and then submitted to NCEI by ICES. The measurements were made by CTD and bottle instruments.

Temperature, salinity, and other data were collected using buoy casts in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea and Beaufort Sea from 1948 to 1993. Data were collected by the US Naval Oceanographic Office, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Russian Federation, US NODC-NOAA, Russia National Ocean Data Center, Canada Institute for Ocean Service, ERIM International, and University of Washington.

This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, and others taken by CTD, as well as water column chlorophyll, nutrients, and others from Niskin bottle samples collected in the Chukchi Sea during the 2015-08-12 to 2015-09-03 and the 2017-08-06 to 2017-08-22 Arctic Marine Biodiversity Observing Network (AMBON) research cruises aboard the research vessel Norseman II. This dataset consists of two comma-separated values (csv) files (naming convention 'AMBON [YYYY] bottle file new_NutrientChlaDelO18.csv) containing measurements of water samples collected by a Niskin bottle array on a Seabird SBE55 CTD at hydrographic stations in each 2015 and 2017. These data files contain chemistry measurements made on bottle samples, including Chlorophyll a Concentration (micro-g/L), and nutrient concentrations [micro-mol/L] (Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrite+Nitrate, and Silicate). Water samples were also collected for analysis of 18O/16O ratios. The data files also include physical information, depth, salinity and temperature measurements from the CTD at the location of bottle sample collection. Two source CTD ASCII data files (named AMBON[YYYY]_bottles.all) consisting of measurements from the depths at which the Niskin bottles were tripped are also included in this dataset. The data provides information on important Arctic Chukchi Sea ecosystem parameters, including temperature, salinity, pressure, and fluorescence as an index of phytoplankton biomass. Data are in text and CSV formats.

This database contains coincident profiles of primary productivity and downwelling radiance spectra obtained in the South China Sea. These data were taken at stations occupied within 15-23° N and 105-121° E during four oceanographic expeditions from 2009 to 2011. Profiles of downwelling irradiance, Ed(λ,z), were obtained with an Optical Profiler II (Satlantic, Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada), and processed using Satlantic software (Prosoft 7.7.10). The spectral range of the data was 350 - 700 nm and the spectral interval was 1 nm. Three profiles were obtained near local noon at each station, with instruments deployed approximately 10 m away to avoid ship shadow and reflection. The final Ed(λ,z) profiles at each station are based on the average of the three profiles. The vertical profiles of the Usable Solar Radiation, USR(z), were obtained by integrating Ed(λ,z) from 400 nm to 560 nm for each depth, while vertical profiles of PAR(z) were from Ed(λ,z) integrated between 400 nm and 700 nm. Data are in xlsx format and converted to CSV.

M4. Biophysical moorings deployed 2014-2018 at established NOAA/PMEL data-collection site "M4" on the eastern Bering Sea Shelf resulted in five annual time-series data sets that are presented herein. Moorings were deployed at the M4 site in the Fall of each year at approximate location 57.89N, 186.9W, NE of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska and SW of Nunivak Island, Alaska; in September 2015, 2016 and 2017, and October in 2014 and 2018. Contract Fishing Vessel Aquila was used for deployments in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018 (cruises AQ1401, AQ1501, AQ1601 and AQ1801, respectively). NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson was used for deployment in 2017 (cruise DY1708). Moorings and instruments were left over winter and recovered the following Fall with the exception of the 2018 data set which was left in the water in 2019 due to prohibitive weather conditions and was recovered in 2020. Biophysical subsurface mooring filenames, e.g. 15bs-4a, indicate deployment year (15 for 2015) area (bs is Bering Sea) and defined location ("4" for M4). Instrumentation included SeaBird SBE-37 (Microcat), SBE-39, SBE 56 (temperature sensor) and SBE 16 (Seacat) profilers, and WetLabs EcoFluorometers; instruments and deployed depths varied between years. Data include temperature, conductivity, salinity, pressure, water depth, raw chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll a. The cruise was funded by NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory EcoFOCI program and NOAA Arctic Research Program with additional support from AOOS, the NOAA-regional ocean data partnership. The Ecosystem and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI) program is a partnership between NOAA PMEL and NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science center (AFSC). Scientists from PMEL and the University of Washington cooperative institute (CICOES) collaborated in this data collection and the related data processing and analysis. Deployment and recovery operations on this cruise were managed by EcoFOCI personnel from NOAA/PMEL, NOAA/AFSC and UW/CICOES. Mooring time series data were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. Time is recorded as UTC. Data contacts: Phyllis Stabeno, Shaun Bell, Ryan McCabe, Peggy Sullivan. Data are in NetCDF, longitudes are in "degree_west".