As fault diagnosis and prognosis systems in aerospace applications become more capable, the ability to utilize information supplied by them becomes increasingly important. While certain types of vehicle health data can be effectively processed and acted upon by crew or support personnel, others, due to their complexity or time constraints, require either automated or semi-automated reasoning. Prognostics-enabled Decision Making (PDM) is an emerging research area that aims to integrate prognostic health information and knowledge about the future operating conditions into the process of selecting subsequent actions for the system. The newly developed PDM algorithms require suitable software and hardware platforms for testing under realistic fault scenarios. The paper describes the development of such a platform, based on the K11 planetary rover prototype. A variety of injectable fault modes are being investigated for electrical, mechanical, and power subsystems of the testbed, along with methods for data collection and processing. In addition to the hardware platform, a software simulator with matching capabilities has been developed. The simulator allows for prototyping and initial validation of the algorithms prior to their deployment on the K11. The simulator is also available to the PDM algorithms to assist with the reasoning process. A reference set of diagnostic, prognostic, and decision making algorithms is also described, followed by an overview of the current test scenarios and the results of their execution on the simulator.

- 상수도관로의 이상을 손상 없이 탐지하기 위해, 소프트 스킨의 생체모방 주행 로봇을 내부 투입하고, 각종 센서 및 장비를 통한 영상/음향 정보를 수집 후, AI 기반 빅데이터 분석 통해 이상유무 판단 및 예측 수행할 데이터 구축함 <데이터의 한계> 외부 음향데이터가 기존에는 상수도관 내의 이상부분에서의 음향의 차이가 있을 것으로 예측하고 수집하였으나 이상징후의 종류에 따른 차이가 크지 않았음

• 로봇의 수송역량이 가능한 물리적 공간에서의 자율주행을 위한 학습용 인공지능 데이터 획득을 통해 배송용 로봇의 시각 확보 기반 마련 • 구축된 학습용 데이터를 활용하여 자율주행 로봇 비즈니스모델과 프로세스 정립에 활용되어 AI 데이터를 적절하게 관리하고 효율적인 사용이 가능한 기반을 제공할 수 있는 배송용 시각 영상 데이터 마련 • 택배와 같은 말단 배송 수요가 증가하는 가운데, 아파트나 빌딩 등 고밀도 집적 시설 내 배송 효율성을 높이고 증가하는 수요에 대응할 수 있는 자동 화물 운송 셔틀 운영 시스템 개발을 위한 주변 환경 데이터의 구축

Rover missions typically involve visiting a set of predetermined waypoints to perform science functions, such as sample collection. Given the communication delay between Earth and the rover, and the possible occurrence of faults, an autonomous decision making system is essential to ensure that the rover maximizes the scientific operations performed without damaging itself further or stalling. This paper presents a modular software architecture for autonomous decision making for rover operations that uses diagnostic and prognostic information to influence mission planning and decision making to maximize the completion of mission objectives. The decision making system consists of separate modules that perform the functions of control, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision making.We demonstrate our implementation of this architecture on a simulated rover testbed.

자율주행 의사 결정 프로세스를 시각 인식 시스템과 추론 시스템을 분리하여 추론의 과정을 설명 가능하도록 실제 로봇주행 상황별로 데이터를 취득함 이를 위해 로봇의 서비스 공간과 임무를 가정하여 데이터를 획득

The field of Prognostic Health Management (PHM) has been undergoing rapid growth in recent years, with development of increasingly sophisticated techniques for diagnosing faults in system components and estimating fault progression tra- jectories. Research efforts on how to utilize prognostic health information (e.g. for extending the remaining useful life of the system, increasing safety, or maximizing operational ef- fectiveness) are mostly in their early stages, however. This process of using prognostic information to determine a sys- tem’s actions or its configuration is beginning to be referred to as Prognostic Decision Making (PDM). In this paper we, first, propose a formulation of the PDM problem with the at- tributes of the aerospace domain in mind, outline some of the key requirements on PDM methods, and explore techniques that can be used as a foundation of PDM development. The problem of Pareto set viability, i.e. satisfaction of perfor- mance goals set for objective functions, is discussed next, followed by ideas for possible solutions. The ideas, termed Dynamic Constraint Redesign (DCR), have roots in the fields of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization and Game Theory. Prototype PDM and DCR algorithms are also described and results of their testing are presented.

This element involves the development of software that enables easier commanding of a wide range of NASA relevant robots through the Robot Application Programming Interface Delegate (RAPID) robot messaging system and infusing the developed software into flight projects.  In June and July of 2013, RAPID was tested on ISS as the robot messaging software for the Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) Human Exploration Telerobotics (HET) Surface Telerobotics experiment.  RAPID has also been made available to — and integrated with — the Robot Operating System (ROS), a popular software framework for developing state-of-the-art robots for ground and space. While ROS powers a number of new robots and components such as Robonaut 2’s climbing legs and R5, the addition of RAPID allows these robots to interoperate in collaborative human-robot teams, safely and effectively over time-delayed communications links. The objective this year is to take this space-tested software and extend it to providing video streaming from remote robots and delivering this new capability to the Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS) area within HRS.  xGDS will then deliver its software to Science Mission Directorate (SMD) funded field tests to improve the technology readiness moving leading (potentially) to being used for the Lunar Prospector Mission ground data systems.  Success will involve delivering RAPID to xGDS and then xGDS supporting SMD field test.

The team is also developing algorithms for sensors capable of reconstructing remote worlds and efficiently shipping that remote environment back to earth using the RAPID robot messaging system.  This type of system could eventually lead to scientists on earth gain new insights as they are able to step into the remote world.  This sensor also has the ability to engage the public, bringing remote worlds back to earth.  During FY13, this task used science operations personnel from current SMD projects to objectively measure improvement in remote science target selection and decision-making based. The team continues to work with SMD projects to ensure that the technologies being developed are directly responsive to SMD project personnel needs. The objective of this work in FY14 is to expand the range of science operations tasks addressed by the technology, and to perform laboratory demonstrations for JPL/SMD stakeholders of the immersive visualization of data from a sensor using an SMD representative environment.

During 2014, the “Controlling Robots Over Time Delay” project element will develop two technologies:

• Develop RAPID robot messaging for unified cross-center operations platform for TDM, xGDS, and CCSDS
• Sensor Systems for the Construction of Immersive Virtual Environments

Modern space propulsion and exploration system designs are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex. Determining the health state of these systems using traditional methods is becoming more difficult as the number of sensors and component interactions grows. Data-driven monitoring techniques have been developed to address these issues by analyzing system operations data to automatically characterize normal system behavior. The Inductive Monitoring System is a data-driven system health monitoring software tool that has been successfully applied to several aerospace applications. Inductive Monitoring System uses a data mining technique called clustering to analyze archived system data and characterize normal interactions between parameters. This characterization, or model, of nominal operation is stored in a knowledge base that can be used for real-time system monitoring or for analysis of archived events. Ongoing and developing Inductive Monitoring System space operations applications include International Space Station flight control, spacecraft vehicle system health management, launch vehicle ground operations, and fleet supportability. As a common thread of discussion this paper will employ the evolution of the Inductive Monitoring System data-driven technique as related to several Integrated Systems Health Management elements. Thematically, the projects listed will be used as case studies. The maturation of Inductive Monitoring System via projects where it has been deployed or is currently being integrated to aid in fault detection will be described. The paper will also explain how Inductive Monitoring System can be used to complement a suite of other Integrated System Health Management tools, providing initial fault detection support for diagnosis and recovery.

Prior research into metrics and design for autonomy were presented. At this time, the prospect of adding significant autonomous decision-making on a piloted aircraft is viewed with some degree of concern for the ability of the system to add value without adding risk.

The autonomous systems (AS) project, led by NASA Ames, is developing software for system operation automation. AS technology will help astronauts make more decisions without the assistance of people on the ground, providing software for automatic diagnosis of failures in a spacecraft of other system, and software to automate the execution of sequences of actions at the discretion of human operators. In June, AS software increased coordination capability while decreasing workload under varying operational scenarios, time delays, and levels of crew autonomy during the autonomous mission operations experiment in the Deep Space Habitat at Johnson.