,The dataset includes clinical data from an experimental swine and ferret challenge and transmission study with 3 strains of swine H1 influenza A virus. Data are presented in two spreadsheets, one for pigs and one for ferrets.,,

,Changes in influenza viruses that infect pigs have been observed for over two decades. The evolution of these viruses has led to several new strains. For instance, one such strain known as H1N2 emerged to infect pigs in the United States in 2015. This virus recently gained prevalence after acquiring a new N1 gene. Our study aimed to determine if the new N1 gene was responsible for increased transmission of the virus among pigs. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed four different strains of H1N1 or H1N2 influenza A virus. Each strain had different combinations of N1 and N2 genes. We infected pigs with these viruses and observed their clinical signs as well as transmission to other pigs. Regardless of the viral genes present, all variants of the virus were transmitted from one infected pig to another at the same levels. Therefore, the new N1 gene did not seem to have direct importance in increasing the transmission of the virus. These results suggest that the increase in detection may be associated with less protection from previous vaccines or infections due to the change in N1 or N2, or changes related to pig management or movement. Understanding how influenza A viruses spread provides important insights for the swine industry for disease prevention and vaccine developers for vaccine strain selection.,

,An investigation of antigenic relationships between North American swine H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) and human seasonal vaccine strains was conducted to assess the zoonotic risk to humans. Human seasonal H3N2 vaccine strains isolated from 1973 to 2014 (n=20) were obtained from the World Health Organization Global Influenza Surveillance and Response Network through St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital to use for serological assays, such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Human seasonal vaccine strains were cultured on MDCK cells or eggs and the HA gene was verified by sequencing on a Sanger method at National Animal Disease Center (NADC). A consensus HA sequence was generated using Geneious Software.,

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

,Interspecies human-to-swine IAV transmission occurs globally and contributes to increased IAV diversity in pig populations. We present data that a swine isolate from a 2018-2019 human-to-swine transmission event was shed for multiple days in challenged and contact pigs. By characterizing this introduction through bioinformatic, molecular, and animal experimental approaches, these findings better inform animal health practices and in vaccine decision-making. Since wholly human seasonal H3N2 viruses in the U.S. were not previously identified as being transmissible in pigs (i.e. reverse zoonosis), these findings reveal the interspecies barriers for transmission to pigs may not require significant changes to all human seasonal H3N2.,

,The dataset contains measurements from a swine research study evaluating influenza A immune responses and protection for replicon particle and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. The research study was conducted by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) scientists and postdoctoral scientists at the National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS to characterize heterologous virus immunity from live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines and IAV replicon particle vaccines. A better understanding of vaccine immune responses to heterologous viruses will aid in development of improved swine IAV vaccination strategies. The dataset contains lesion scores, virus shedding in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid antibody responses, and isolated blood and lung T cell responses.,

Data set containing avian influenza A virus (IAV) sampling information for Emperor Geese in Alaska, 2015-2017. The data are in three tables: 1) collection data and IAV screening results from fecal samples at several sites in southwestern Alaska, 2) results of blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) tests for IAV antibodies in blood serum collected from nesting female Emperor geese near the Manokinak River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, and 3) results of influenza virus microneutralization assays to test for the specific IAV subtypes in the Manokinak samples.

These data describe the results of virus isolation from oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs and testing of sera by a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and hemagglutinin (HA) specific testing by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for Lesser Scaup in both the Atlantic and Pacific Flyways and Greater Scaup in the Pacific Flyway. These data support a USGS published manuscript.

These data describe the results of virus isolation from oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs and testing of sera by a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and hemagglutinin (HA) specific testing by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for Lesser Scaup in both the Atlantic and Pacific Flyways and Greater Scaup in the Pacific Flyway. These data support a USGS published manuscript.