AEROSE is an internationally recognized series of trans-Atlantic field campaigns conducted onboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown designed to explore African air mass outflows and their impacts on climate, weather, and environmental health.

This dataset provides observations collected during eleven airborne campaigns from 2006–2017 and associated input and output from nine widely used chemical transport models (CTMs). The airborne campaigns include ARCTAS-A, ARCTAS-B, ATom-1 and ATom-2, CalNex, DC3, INTEX-B, KORUS-AQ, MILAGRO, SEAC4RS, and WINTER, and they sampled mainly tropospheric air over the conterminous U.S. and the state of Alaska, Mexico, Canada, Greenland, and South Korea and remote areas over the Arctic, Pacific, Southern, and Atlantic Oceans. The CTMs are the AM4.1, CCSM4, GEOS-5, GEOS-Chem TOMAS, GEOS-Chem v10, GEOS-Chem v12, GISS-MATRIX, GISS-ModelE, and TM4-ECPL-F, and the output includes sulfate, nitrate, temperature, specific humidity, mixing ratio of ammonium, the volume mixing ratio of nitric acid, surface pressure, gas-phase ammonia, gas-phase nitric acid, pressure, total ammonium, etc. The observations were collected in-situ from a variety of instruments, including the Aerosol Microphysical Properties (AMP), HR Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), CIT Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS), diode laser hygrometer (DLH), a mist chamber/ion chromatography system (MC/IC), Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometer (PALMS), Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), and UCI Whole Air Sampler (WAS). In-situ data also include latitude, longitude, and pressure. These observations were used to investigate how aerosol pH and ammonium balance change from polluted to remote regions, such as over oceans, and were compared to predictions from the CTMs.

Measurements taken during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE) off the coast of Spain, Portugal, and Northern Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative 2000 (SAFARI 2000) provided an opportunity to study aerosol particles produced by savanna burning. We used analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), to study aerosol particles from several smoke and haze samples and from a set of cloud samples. These aerosol particle samples were collected using the University of Washington Convair CV-580 research aircraft (Posfai et al., 2003).Individual aerosol particles in smoke plumes from biomass fires and in regional hazes in southern Africa were studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy, which allowed detailed characterization of carbonaceous particle types in smoke and determination of changes in particle properties and concentrations during smoke aging. Based on composition, morphology, and microstructure, three distinct types of carbonaceous particles were present in the smoke: organic particles with inorganic (K-salt) inclusions; 'tar ball' particles; and soot. The relative number concentrations of organic particles were largest in young smoke, whereas tar balls were dominant in a slightly aged (~1 hour) smoke from a smoldering fire. Flaming fires emitted relatively more soot particles than smoldering fires, but soot was a minor constituent of all studied plumes. Further aging caused the accumulation of sulfate on organic and soot particles, as indicated by the large number of internally mixed organic/sulfate and soot/sulfate particles in the regional haze. Externally mixed ammonium sulfate particles dominated in the boundary layer hazes, whereas organic/sulfate particles were the most abundant type in the upper hazes. Apparently, elevated haze layers were more strongly affected by biomass smoke than those within the boundary layer. Based on size distributions and the observed patterns of internal mixing, we hypothesize that organic and soot particles are the cloud-nucleating constituents of biomass smoke aerosols. Sea-salt particles dominated in the samples taken in stratus clouds over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Namibia, whereas a distinct haze layer above the clouds consisted of aged biomass smoke particles.

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) was conducted in part to investigate the impacts of the large-scale transport and deposition of increasingly anthropogenic emissions on southern African biogeochemical cycling. Aerosol samples from the Mongu site in eastern Zambia were collected and analyzed to identify chemical biomarkers during the SAFARI 2000 dry season field campaign. Total suspended particulate aerosol samples were collected diurnally for a period of two weeks during August and September of 2000.These data include bulk organic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur stable isotopic measurements of total suspended particulate aerosols and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of fatty acids extracted from collected aerosols. These data were used to chemically describe temporal variability in aerosol compositions.

AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) is an optical ground-based aerosol monitoring network and data archive system. AERONET measurements of the column-integrated aerosol optical properties in the southern Africa region were made by sun-sky radiometers at several sites in August-September 2000 as a part of the SAFARI 2000 dry season aircraft campaign. AERONET is supported by NASA's Earth Observing System and expanded by federation with many non-NASA institutions. The network hardware consists of identical automatic sun-sky scanning spectral radiometers owned by national agencies and universities. Data from this collaboration provides globally-distributed near-real-time observations of aerosol spectral optical depths, aerosol size distributions, and precipitable water in diverse aerosol regimes.

The Cloud and Aerosol Research Group (CARG) of the University of Washington participated in the SAFARI-2000 Dry Season Aircraft campaign with their Convair-580 research aircraft. This campaign covered five countries in southern Africa from 10 August through 18 September 2000. Various types of measurements were obtained on the thirty-one research flights of the Convair-580 in SAFARI-2000, to study their relationships to simultaneous measurements from satellites (particularly Terra), other research aircraft, and SAFARI-2000 ground-based measurements and activities.

Measurements made under the NAAMES (North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study) program.INTERNAL LINKS (Special datasets*)*Special datasets are not in SeaBASS format, and are thus only accesible via these links (they do not appear in the file search or lists of metadata)Altimetry re-analyses (maps of diagnostics e.g., integration of altimetry & maps of masks of water origin)Ship Underway Data (systems include: IMU, SAMOS, and SSW)EXTERNAL LINKSAircraft dataSatellite dataSeaBASS NAAMES pageSee URL below for the primary NAAMES website