The NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) through a collaboration with the National Park Service collected ocean acidification discreet samples at select National Parks sites along the East Coast of the United States and in the Gulf of Mexico to increase near-shore data collection on a bi-annual frequency. Whenever possible, sample collection is coordinated with the OAP-funded GOMECC and ECOA cruises.

This dataset consists of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, water temperature and salinity from laboratory analyzed discrete water samples taken at the Central Gulf of Mexico Ocean Observing System buoy moored at 28.9N, 90.5W off Coastal Louisiana from 2017-07-14 to 2022-02-20. These are validation samples for the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2®) system buoy CoastalLA_91W_30N, that includes SeaBird CTD and SAMI pH instruments.

This dataset contains monthly-averaged surface fields of temperature, salinity, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from the GoMBio model for 1981-2014. GoMBio is a ROMS-based 8-km resolution ocean-biogeochemical model encompassing the entire Gulf of Mexico. Model details can be found in Gomez et al. (2018; https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018) and Gomez et al. (2020; https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020). We include the results of four model experiments: (1) model hindcast, (2) climatological Mississippi-Atchafalaya chemistry experiment (CLM_MC), (3) climatological river experiment (CLM_RIV), and (4) climatological forcing experiment (CLM_FORC). The model hindcast experiment was forced with surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and freshwater from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast reanalysis product (ERA-Interim). We prescribed a time-evolving monthly series of freshwater discharge for 28 river sources in the U.S., and a climatological discharge for 10 rivers in the U.S. and 11 rivers in Mexico. We also prescribed time evolving concentration of nutrients, TA, and DIC for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River System (MARS), and long-term climatological values for the other river sources. The CLM_MC and CLM_RIV experiments are like the model hindcast, but the river inputs were modified to evaluate the model sensitivity to changes in river runoff. In the CLM_MC experiment we used a monthly climatology for the MARS. In the CLM_RIV experiment we used climatological river discharge values for all rivers, as well as the climatological chemistry for the MARS. Finally, in the CLM_FORC experiment, we prescribed climatological patterns for rivers, surface fluxes and the open boundary conditions. The only exceptions were the atmospheric CO2 and the open boundary conditions for DIC, which varied as in the model hindcast. This last experiment was conducted to examine the influence of climate variability in ocean acidification patterns.

This dataset contains monthly interpolated sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) from 1982 through 2015 is estimated from monthly atmospheric CO2, temperature, and salinity. Firstly, the disequilibrium between the observed seawater fCO2 and fCO2air (i.e., ΔfCO2; ΔfCO2 = fCO2 – fCO2air) is estimated using a bayesian-neural-network approach for each 1°×1° grid box in the MAB and the SAB. The input parameters are latitude, longitude, SST, and SSS. The output parameter is ΔfCO2. The feedforward backpropagation network is constructed by two hidden layers with tanh activation functions. The neural network is trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (Hagan and Menhaj, 1994). Then fCO2 is calculated using ΔfCO2 and fCO2air. Next, continuous monthly SST and SSS data from 1982 to 2015 are used to calculate output with the trained network to fill in SOCAT data gaps. Monthly pH, DIC, and Ωarag are calculated from fCO2 and salinity-derived TA using CO2SYS (Van Heuven et al., 2009) with the first and second dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater (K1 and K2) from Lueker et al. (2000) and borate-to-salinity ratio determined by Uppström (1974). TA is derived from salinity using their linear relationships in the MAB and the SAB (Cai et al., 2010).

This dataset contains discrete bottle sample data collected from the Gray's Reef mooring, within the Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary in February. Samples were collected from the surface layer, treated with 0.1 µL of HgCl2, stored on ice, and transported to the University of Delaware for DIC and TAlk analysis. Data is used to calculate pCO2 and compared to moored observations for internal consistency and validation of time series observations.

This dataset contains discrete bottle sample data for total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Total Alkalinity (TAlk) samples, which were collected for validation and internal consistency analyses at the Gray's Reef MAPCO2 system off the coast of Georgia, USA in the South Atlantic Bight (31.400, -80.868). Samples were collected and immediately preserved with 0.2 µL of saturated Mercuric Chloride from 2018 through 2021. Samples were transported to the Cai-Laboratory at the University of Delaware for analysis. DIC is analyzed via a nondispersive infrared laser LICOR analyzer after 1 ml of 10% H3PO4 is injected into the sample and the CO2 gas is “stripped” out. TAlk is measured via Gran titration with HCl to an end-point of pH 3.2. The method precision is >0.1%. This effort was conducted in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).

This dataset consists of surface measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TALK), temperature and salinity during the R/V Marion-Dufresne Ocean Indien Service d'Observations - 7 (OISO-07) cruise (EXPOCODE 35MV20010901) in the Atlantic Ocean from 2001-09-01 to 2001-09-12. The OISO program, initiated in 1998, collects measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and associated parameters (temperature, salinity, DIC, TALK, nutrients, chlorophyll and 13C) along the repeated lines of R.V. Marion-Dufresne in the South-Western Indian and Southern Oceans; this coverage is a complement of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP). The OISO data are regularly included in international data synthesis projects as Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) and Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP). In August-September 2001, in the frame of the OISO project, the ship conducted cruises in the North Atlantic.

This dataset contains water column chemistry data taken by CTD and submersible bottle samples from research vessels Atlantis (AT42-05 and At37-06) and Falkor (FK190211) in Gulf of California, North Pacific Ocean from 2016-12-12 to 2019-03-13. Data includes dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and other chemical components. These cruises and associated research were funded by the National Science Foundation and the Schmidt Ocean Institute (FK190211) to study carbon cycling in the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system.