Relationship Between Total and Biaccessible Lead on Children's Blood Lead Levles in Urban Residential Philadelphia Soils. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: These data are from a human study collected under IRB protocol: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC IRB Approval #6611, "John T. Lewis Community Childhood Blood Lead Prevalence and Health Housing) and the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH). As such, it is a violation of Federal Law to publish them. Format: These data are from a Regional study in Philadelphia. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Bradham, K., C. Nelson, J. Kelly, A. Pomales, K. Scruto, T. Dignam, J. Misenheimer, K. Li, D. Obenour, and D. Thomas. Relationship Between Total and Bioaccessible Lead on Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Urban Residential Philadelphia Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 51(17): 10005-10011, (2017).

Dietary Lead and Phosphate Interactions Affect Oral Bioavailability of Soil Lead in the Mouse. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: In the publication and supporting information. Format: These data were generated from US EPA soil samples. All of the soil samples were provided to NERL for methods development based on the agreement that the specific sample identifiers not be released. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Bradham, K., C. Nelson, G.L. Diamond, W.C. Thayer, K.G. Scheckel, M. Noerpel, K. Herbin-Davis, B. Elek, and D. Thomas. Dietary Lead and Phosphate Interactions Affect Oral Bioavailability of Soil Lead in the Mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(21): 12556-12564, (2019).

This dataset includes the number of newly identified (incident) children with blood lead levels (BLL) ≥5 µg/dL, the number of children screened, and the percent of children screened with BLLs ≥5 µg/dL. The ZIP code data is for 2015 and the census tract data is for 2013-2015. Cell counts with missing values are those with less than six observations, which was truncated to ensure confidentiality. Cells with values of zero were included.

Data for the study include restricted access and non-restricted access files. Restricted access files include individual children's blood lead data from six states, property assessment data from Zillow, Inc., and Census tract characteristics processed by GeoLytics. Information on how to obtain restricted access files is given in the supporting document "data sources for ScienceHub.docx". Non-restricted access files available here include contaminated site locations and characteristics (Superfund, brownfields, and RCRA sites), ambient air lead concentrations, state-month average temperatures, and vehicle miles traveled in 1980. Citation information for this dataset can be found in the EDG's Metadata Reference Information section and Data.gov's References section.

Data for the study include restricted access and non-restricted access files. Restricted access files include individual children's blood lead data from six states, property assessment data from Zillow, Inc., and Census tract characteristics processed by GeoLytics. Information on how to obtain restricted access files is given in the supporting document "data sources for ScienceHub.docx". Non-restricted access files available here include contaminated site locations and characteristics (Superfund, brownfields, and RCRA sites), ambient air lead concentrations, state-month average temperatures, and vehicle miles traveled in 1980. Citation information for this dataset can be found in the EDG's Metadata Reference Information section and Data.gov's References section.

Lead is a neurotoxin commonly found in our daily lives. While lead has been eliminated from gasoline, household paint, and solder, you can still be exposed to lead from many different sources including dust containing lead from pre-1978 lead paint, paint chips, contaminated soils, water, ceramic plates, bowls, and glasses, and imported candy, toys, cosmetics, and jewelry Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has indicated that no safe blood lead level in children has been identified. Even low levels of lead in blood have been shown to affect IQ, ability to pay attention, academic achievement, and other behavioral issues. As of January 1, 2018, Allegheny County requires every child under age six to be tested for lead exposure. The first of two tests will be conducted when a child is approximately 9-12 months old, and the second test will take place around the child’s second birthday. According to the Allegheny County Health Department, 53% of County children born in 2016 were tested for lead between the ages of nine to 12 months. This share has risen from 30% of County children born in 2009. Children are initially tested with a capillary, or “finger prick” blood test. If an elevated level of lead is found, a venous blood test will be administered to confirm the result. For more information on the testing methods, please see the Allegheny County Health Department’s Lead Exposure in Allegheny County report, released in September, 2018. The Allegheny County Health Department currently treats confirmed blood lead level tests with 5 µg/dL or more of lead as elevated. This measurement is based on the CDC’s reference level for public health action, established in May 2012. If a child under age 6 tests with a confirmed blood lead level of 5 µg/dl and above, ACHD offers a free home inspection. The goal of this inspection, along with XRF readings, sampling of dust, soil, and water, is to help identify any sources of lead exposure in the home. The inspection includes identifying possible alternative sources of lead exposure from jewelry, toys, cosmetics, parent occupations and/or hobbies. Inspectors also educate the family about how good nutrition can mitigate absorption of lead and immediate steps the family can take to reduce lead exposure in the home. ACHD also offers free lead testing for the uninsured or underinsured at its Immunization clinic, and at WIC offices in McKeesport and Wilkinsburg. The Allegheny Lead Safe Homes Program currently provides free home repairs to keep families safe from lead paint. This program will test for lead-based paint in the home and will aid with repairs and prevention education to Allegheny County homeowners or renters who meet income requirements and whose home is built before 1978. All work is done in a lead-safe manner. Eligible residents must either have a child under 6 years or a pregnant woman in the household. For additional information about how to use this data accurately and responsibly, please refer to the County's [data guide](https://data.wprdc.org/dataset/26a17866-0b8b-4eb6-bc0c-6ebcfdd19741/resource/a8f69277-6328-4421-a508-8b2100d753e3/download/wprdc-lead-data-guide.pdf) Information appearing in this description was drawn from the following sources: Lead Exposure in Allegheny County (September 2018 [pdf report](https://alleghenycounty.us/uploadedFiles/Allegheny_Home/Health_Department/Programs/Special_Initiatives/Lead/Lead-paper-9-6-final.pdf)) Allegheny County Health Department’s Lead Exposure Prevention ([Website](https://alleghenycounty.us/Health-Department/Programs/Special-Initiatives/Lead/Lead-Exposure-Prevention.aspx)) Allegheny County Health Department’s Lead Testing ([Website]( https://alleghenycounty.us/Health-Department/Programs/Special-Initiatives/Lead/Testing.aspx)) Data about lead in Allegheny County ([Website](

A national survey of lead and other metal(loids) in residential drinking water in the United States. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Contact bradham.karen@epa.gov. Format: The data set includes data that EPA generated for Pb concentrations from drinking water samples collected by HUD and HUD's contractor along with housing characteristics, general location information, and socioeconomic data provided by HUD. The journal article includes data that has been reviewed and approved by HUD for publication as they are co-authors. In order to protect sensitive information, the only data that will be publicly available is included in the journal article and supporting information.

A national survey of lead and other metal(loids) in residential drinking water in the United States. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Contact bradham.karen@epa.gov. Format: The data set includes data that EPA generated for Pb concentrations from drinking water samples collected by HUD and HUD's contractor along with housing characteristics, general location information, and socioeconomic data provided by HUD. The journal article includes data that has been reviewed and approved by HUD for publication as they are co-authors. In order to protect sensitive information, the only data that will be publicly available is included in the journal article and supporting information.

These data were extracted from published literature reporting lead (Pb) concentrations in multiple environmental media (soil, dust, air, water, and food) in the United States from 1996-2016. These data were used in research synthesis efforts. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Frank, J., A. Poulakos, R. Tornero-Velez, and J. Xue. Systematic review and meta-analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, food, and air) reported in the United States from 1996 to 2016. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 694: 133489, (2019).