,Long-term soil temperature data were collected at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) from 1981-1996 at five locations representing different climatic regimes and soils in the RCEW, ranging in elevation from 1190 to 2101 m. Each site is located in close proximity to a climate station on nearly level slopes. In most sites, there were six or seven measurement depths ranging from 2.5 to 240 cm; in 1990, new sensors were installed at all sites at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, and 180 cm. Each soil temperature depth profile is located near at least one neutron access tube and a precipitation gauge, and complete climate station information was collected either at the site or in reasonable proximity. Regular data collection started in 1981 or 1982, depending on the site. The temperature sensors used were YSI (Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, Ohio) two-thermistor composite thermolinear components accurate to 0.15C. Data were originally collected in 1981 by connecting a hand-held voltmeter to the sensor leads, and individual sensors at different depths were read using a manual switch. These data were collected once each week, and the time was recorded. At some sites the switches were bypassed and hooked up to data loggers of various design resulting in more frequent (either 1 or 4 hour) recording intervals. Prior to 1990, soil temperature sensors were installed by attaching the sensors to a 0.05 m diameter wooden pole at the desired depth intervals, drilling a hole a with a drill rig (the soils in the RCEW are very rocky), inserting the pole in the drilled hole, and backfilling.,

,An extensive precipitation database has been developed over the past 35 years with the first records starting in January 1962 and going through September 1996 from the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed located near the north end of the Owyhee Mountains in southwest Idaho. Precipitation ranges from 236 mm on the lowest elevations at the north end of the watershed to 1123 mm at the southwest corner of the watershed. The gauge network was changed in 1967-1968 from a single unshielded, universal-recording gauge at each location to the dual-gauge system that is presently used. The dualgauge system consists of an unshielded and a shielded universal-recording gauge with orifices 3.05 m above the ground. The number of dual-gauge sites was reduced from the original 46 in 1968 to 17 by 1996. Also, several sites have been added and/or taken out of the network at various times for special studies. There are continuous 35 year records available for 12 sites, 20-32 year records available for 8 sites, 10-19 year records available for 25 sites, and 4-9 year records for 8 sites for a total of 53 sites. All of these data have been stored as breakpoint and hourly records in the USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center database. These breakpoint and hourly data are available.,

,Snow is the dominant form of precipitation in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW). Seven snow course sites were established in 1961, and one additional site was added in 1970. All sites are located in the high-elevation southern extent of the basin, where snow accumulation is greatest. Snow water equivalent (SWE) and depth have been sampled at multiple locations in RCEW since 1961. These data have been collected using snow tube methods that are generally considered the standard for manual measurement of SWE and snow depth. Snow water equivalent (SWE) has been measured at eight locations in RCEW every 2 weeks throughout the snow season (December 1 to June 1) for 35 water years (1962-1996). SWE was continuously monitored at site 176x07 using a snow pillow for 14 water years (1983-1996).,

,Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed discharge records are available for 13 stations with varying lengths of record ranging from 8 to 34 years. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center initiated a stream discharge and suspended-sediment research program at Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in the early 1960s. Continuous discharge measurements began at two sites in 1963, at three additional sites in 1964, and at eight additional sites in subsequent years. Contributing areas to these gauging stations range from 1.03 to 23,822 ha, selected to represent the broad range of environmental settings found across northwestern rangelands. Watershed drainage areas range from 1.03 to 23,822 ha with flow characteristics including ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial regimes. Discharge records are available for 13 stations with varying lengths of record ranging from 8 to 34 years. Drop-box weirs have performed well in RCEW over a wide range of discharges and sediment loads. Four additional types of stream-gauging devices are used in RCEW: (1) self-cleaning overflow V-notch (SCOV) weir, (2) 30 V-notch weir, (3) 90 V-notch weir, and (4) Parshall flume. All stations are equipped with stilling wells and floats for obtaining instantaneous measures of stage height. Instrument shelters are heated to permit collection of discharge and sediment data during cold winter periods. Gauging stations are visited on a weekly or biweekly basis to obtain independent stage height readings for error checking and to service all instrumentation. Stage height measurements were originally recorded using Leopold-Stevens A-35 and FW-1 strip chart recorders, later supplanted by electronic data loggers.,

Field measurements, daily meteorological inputs, and previously validated iSnobal simulations were used to run and inform the biogeochemical models Biome-BGC and Biome-BGC MuSo at three aspen stands in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed. iSnobal simulations of snow redistribution were used to modify measured precipitation values to account for the redistribution of snow. Biome-BGC simulations were run under historical conditions (1984-2015) assuming both a uniform and redistributed snow layer. Biome-BGC MuSo simulations were run under historical (1996-2015) and future climate scenarios (2046-2065) and account for the redistribution of snow. Biogeochemical simulation data sets include input files used to run Biome-BGC and Biome-BGC MuSo simulations of aspen at three sites in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed under historical and mid-21st conditions. Input files include .ini files describing site conditions and outputs, .epc files describing ecophysiological parameters, and .met files containing historical and modified climate data used to run simulations under historical and mid-21st century conditions. Variables associated with daily simulation outputs are defined in .ini files. Field measurement datasets include hourly soil moisture measurements, monthly pre-dawn leaf water potential measurements, and leaf area index (LAI) measurements collected at each site between 2012 and 2015. iSnobal simulation data sets include daily iSnobal simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) extracted from a single point in drifts located at each site. Data are displayed based on day of water year. Number of simulation years varies from 2 to 24 years depending on site. Drift factors were calculated based on the ratio of peak SWE extracted from iSnobal simulations and uniform SWE falling across the drift accumulation period. Drift factors were then applied to measured precipitation values based on 0°C day and night time temperature thresholds.

Field measurements, daily meteorological inputs, and previously validated iSnobal simulations were used to run and inform the biogeochemical models Biome-BGC and Biome-BGC MuSo at three aspen stands in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed. iSnobal simulations of snow redistribution were used to modify measured precipitation values to account for the redistribution of snow. Biome-BGC simulations were run under historical conditions (1984-2015) assuming both a uniform and redistributed snow layer. Biome-BGC MuSo simulations were run under historical (1996-2015) and future climate scenarios (2046-2065) and account for the redistribution of snow. Biogeochemical simulation data sets include input files used to run Biome-BGC and Biome-BGC MuSo simulations of aspen at three sites in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed under historical and mid-21st conditions. Input files include .ini files describing site conditions and outputs, .epc files describing ecophysiological parameters, and .met files containing historical and modified climate data used to run simulations under historical and mid-21st century conditions. Variables associated with daily simulation outputs are defined in .ini files. Field measurement datasets include hourly soil moisture measurements, monthly pre-dawn leaf water potential measurements, and leaf area index (LAI) measurements collected at each site between 2012 and 2015. iSnobal simulation data sets include daily iSnobal simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) extracted from a single point in drifts located at each site. Data are displayed based on day of water year. Number of simulation years varies from 2 to 24 years depending on site. Drift factors were calculated based on the ratio of peak SWE extracted from iSnobal simulations and uniform SWE falling across the drift accumulation period. Drift factors were then applied to measured precipitation values based on 0°C day and night time temperature thresholds.

,Detailed hydrometeorological data from the mountain rain-to-snow transition zone are present for water years 2004 through 2014. The Johnston Draw watershed (1.8 km2), ranging from 1497 – 1869 m in elevation, is a sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwestern Idaho. The dataset includes continuous hourly hydrometeorological variables across a 372 m elevation gradient, on north- and south-facing slopes, including air temperature, relative humidity and snow depth from 11 sites in the watershed. Hourly measurements of solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and soil moisture and temperature are available at selected stations. The dataset includes hourly stream discharge measured at the watershed outlet. These data provide the scientific community with a unique dataset useful for forcing and validating models in interdisciplinary studies and will allow for better representation and understanding of the complex processes that occur in the rain-to-snow transition zone.,This version of the data set fixes errors in all data files and supersedes the earlier datasets https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1258769 and https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1245163.,See the file inventory included with this dataset for more information on individual data files.,For more information about this dataset contact: Clarissa L. Enslin: enslclar@gmail.com Sarah Godsey: godsey@isu.edu Danny G. Marks: ars.danny@gmail.com,

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the PRObability of Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER) model, a GIS raster-based empirical model that provides streamflow permanence probabilities (probabilistic predictions) of a stream channel having year-round flow for any unregulated and minimally-impaired stream channel in the Pacific Northwest region, U.S. The model provides annual predictions for 2004-2016 at a 30-m spatial resolution based on monthly or annually updated values of climatic conditions and static physiographic variables associated with the upstream basin. These values and variables, known as Continuous Parameter Grids, or CPGs, were used as the predictor variables in the model. The CPGs referenced from this page are climatic, including evapotranspiration, precipitation, soil water equivalent, and temperature.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the PRObability of Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER) model, a GIS raster-based empirical model that provides streamflow permanence probabilities (probabilistic predictions) of a stream channel having year-round flow for any unregulated and minimally-impaired stream channel in the Pacific Northwest region, U.S. The model provides annual predictions for 2004-2016 at a 30-m spatial resolution based on monthly or annually updated values of climatic conditions and static physiographic variables associated with the upstream basin. These values and variables, known as Continuous Parameter Grids, or CPGs, were used as the predictor variables in the model. The CPGs referenced from this page are climatic, including evapotranspiration, precipitation, soil water equivalent, and temperature.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the PRObability of Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER) model, a GIS raster-based empirical model that provides streamflow permanence probabilities (probabilistic predictions) of a stream channel having year-round flow for any unregulated and minimally-impaired stream channel in the Pacific Northwest region, U.S. The model provides annual predictions for 2004-2016 at a 30-m spatial resolution based on monthly or annually updated values of climatic conditions and static physiographic variables associated with the upstream basin. These values and variables, known as Continuous Parameter Grids, or CPGs, were used as the predictor variables in the model. The CPGs referenced from this page are climatic, including evapotranspiration, precipitation, soil water equivalent, and temperature.